Division BAT 28 In order to reduce total VOC emissions, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.

United Kingdom

Technique		Description	Applicability
Material-based and printing techniques
(a)	Use of low-IPA or IPA-free additives in dampening solutions	Reduction or avoidance of isopropanol (IPA) as a wetting agent in dampening solutions, through substitution by mixtures of other organic compounds which are not volatile or have a low volatility.	Applicability may be limited by technical and product quality requirements or specifications.
(b)	Waterless offset	Modification of the press and the pre-press processes to enable the use of specially coated offset plates, eliminating the need for dampening.	May not be applicable for long print runs due to the need for more frequent changes of plates.
Cleaning techniques
(c)	Use of VOC-free solvents or solvents with low volatility for automatic blanket cleaning	Use of organic compounds which are not volatile or have a low volatility as cleaning agents for automatic blanket cleaning.	Generally applicable.
Off-gas treatment techniques
(d)	Web offset dryer integrated with off-gas treatment	A web offset dryer with an integrated off-gas treatment unit, enabling incoming dryer air to be mixed with a part of the waste gases returned from the off-gas thermal treatment system.	Applicable to new plants or major plant upgrades.
(e)	Extraction and treatment of air from the press room or the press encapsulation	Routing of extracted air from the press room or the press encapsulation to the dryer. As a result, a part of the solvents evaporated in the press room or press encapsulation is abated by the thermal treatment (see BAT 15) downstream of the dryer.	Generally applicable.

Table 25

BAT-associated emission level (BAT-AEL) for total emissions of VOCs from heatset web offset printing

Parameter	Unit	BAT-AEL(Yearly average)
The upper end of the BAT-AEL range is related to the production of high-quality products.
Total VOC emissions as calculated by the solvent mass balance	kg VOCs per kg of ink input	< 0,01–0,04^f1

The associated monitoring is given in BAT 10.

As an alternative to the BAT-AELs in Table 25, the BAT-AELs in both Table 26 and Table 27 may be used.

Table 26

BAT-associated emission level (BAT-AEL) for fugitive emissions of VOCs from heatset web offset printing

Parameter	Unit	BAT-AEL(Yearly average)
The upper end of the BAT-AEL range is related to the production of high-quality products.
Fugitive VOC emissions as calculated by the solvent mass balance	Percentage (%) of the solvent input	< 1–10^f2

The associated monitoring is given in BAT 10.

Table 27

BAT-associated emission level (BAT-AEL) for VOC emissions in waste gases from heatset web offset printing

Parameter	Unit	BAT-AEL(Daily average or average over the sampling period)
TVOC	mg C/Nm³	1–15

The associated monitoring is given in BAT 11.

Annotations

Footnotes

f1: The upper end of the BAT-AEL range is related to the production of high-quality products.
f2: The upper end of the BAT-AEL range is related to the production of high-quality products.