{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1986-278/introduction",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1986-278/introduction.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/1986/278",
  "legislation_title": "Council Directive of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture (86/278/EEC)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1986-278",
  "path": "introduction",
  "kind": "introduction",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "Introductory text",
  "text": "Council Directive\nof 12 June 1986\non the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture\n(86/278/EEC)\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,\nHaving regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 100 and 235 thereof,\nHaving regard to the proposal from the Commission,\nHaving regard to the opinion of the European Parliament,\nHaving regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,\nWhereas the aim of this Directive is to regulate the use of sewage sludge in agriculture in such a way as to prevent harmful effects on soil, vegetation, animals and man, while encouraging its correct use;\nWhereas the disparity between the Member States' provisions on the agricultural applications of sewage sludge might affect the functioning of the common market; whereas in this field the approximation of laws provided for under Article 100 of the Treaty should therefore be instigated;\nWhereas sewage sludge used in agriculture is not covered by Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste;\nWhereas the measures for which provision is made in Council Directive 78/319/EEC of 20 March 1978 on toxic and dangerous waste also apply to sewage sludge containing or contaminated by substances or materials listed in the Annex to that Directive which are of such a nature or are present in such quantities or concentrations that they represent a hazard to human health or to the environment;\nWhereas special arrangements should be made to ensure that man, animals, plants and the environment are fully safeguarded against the harmful effects arising from the uncontrolled use of sludge;\nWhereas this Directive also aims at establishing certain initial Community measures in connection with soil protection;\nWhereas sludge can have valuable agronomic properties and it is therefore justified to encourage its application in agriculture provided it is used correctly; whereas the use of sewage sludge must not impair the quality of the soil and of agricultural products;\nWhereas some heavy metals may be toxic to plants and also to man through their presence in crops and whereas it is necessary to lay down mandatory limit values for these elements in the soil;\nWhereas the use of sludge should be prohibited when the concentration of these metals in the soil exceeds these limit values;\nWhereas, moreover, it is necessary to prevent these limit values from being exceeded as a result of the use of sludge; whereas, to this end, it is necessary to limit the amount of heavy metals added to cultivated soil either by setting maximum quantities for the amounts of sludge used per annum and ensuring that the limit values for the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge used are not exceeded or by seeking to ensure that limit values for the quantities of heavy metals that can be added to the soil on the basis of a 10-year average are not exceeded;\nWhereas sludge must be treated before being used in agriculture; whereas Member States may nevertheless authorize, on certain conditions, the use of untreated sludge, without risk to human or animal health, if it is injected or worked into the soil;\nWhereas a certain period must elapse between using the sludge and putting stock out to pasture or harvesting fodder crops or certain crops which are normally in direct contact with the soil and normally consumed raw; whereas the use of sludge on fruit and vegetable crops during the growing season, except for fruit-tree crops, must be prohibited;\nWhereas sludge should be used under conditions which ensure that the soil and the surface and ground water are protected, in accordance with Directives 75/440/EEC and 80/68/EEC;\nWhereas to this end it is necessary to monitor the quality of sludges and of the soils on which they are used and hence to make analyses and to communicate certain results to the users;\nWhereas a certain amount of essential information should be kept to ensure better awareness of the use of sludge in agriculture and whereas such information should be forwarded in the form of periodic reports to the Commission; whereas, in the light of these reports, the Commission will if necessary draw up proposals to ensure greater protection for the soil and the environment;\nWhereas sludge from small sewage-treatment plants which treat primarily domestic waste water represents little danger to human, animal and plant health and to the environment and should therefore be exempt from some of the obligations laid down relating to information and analysis;\nWhereas Member States should be able to draw up more stringent provisions than those laid down in this Directive; whereas such provisions should be communicated to the Commission;\nWhereas technical and scientific progress may make necessary the rapid adaptation of certain of the requirements laid down in this Directive; whereas, in order to facilitate the introduction of the measures required for this purpose, a procedure should be laid down whereby close cooperation could be established between the Member States and the Commission; whereas such cooperation should take place within a Committee on Adaptation to Technical and Scientific Progress;\nWhereas the Treaty has not provided the necessary powers, other than those of Article 235,\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "OJ No C 264, 8.10.1982, p. 3 and OJ No C 154, 14.6.1984, p. 6."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "OJ No C 77, 19.3.1984, p. 136."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "OJ No C 90, 5.4.1983, p. 27."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "OJ No L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "OJ No L 84, 31.3.1978, p. 43."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "OJ No L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 26."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "OJ No L 20, 26.1.1980, p. 43."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/1986/278/introduction",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:23:34.077255+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}