{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104.json",
  "id": "eudr/1989/104",
  "title": "First Council Directive of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (89/104/EEC) (repealed)",
  "short_title": "First Council Directive of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (89/104/EEC)",
  "long_title": "First Council Directive of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (89/104/EEC) (repealed)",
  "citation": "EU Directive 1989/104",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "1989",
  "number": "104",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1988-12-21",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Signs of which a trade mark may consist",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Grounds for refusal or invalidity",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Further grounds for refusal or invalidity concerning conflicts with earlier rights",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Rights conferred by a trade mark",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Limitation of the effects of a trade mark",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Exhaustion of the rights conferred by a trade mark",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Licensing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Limitation in consequence of acquiescence",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Use of trade marks",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Sanctions for non use of a trade mark in legal or administrative proceedings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Grounds for revocation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Grounds for refusal or revocation or invalidity relating to only some of the goods or services",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Establishment a posteriori of invalidity or revocation of a trade mark",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Special provisions in respect of collective marks, guarantee marks and certification marks",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "National provisions to be adopted pursuant to this Directive",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/17",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Addressees",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/article-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 1,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1989-104/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/1989/104",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:23:30.852864+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}