{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45.json",
  "id": "eudr/1994/45",
  "title": "Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees (repealed)",
  "short_title": "Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees",
  "long_title": "Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees (repealed)",
  "citation": "EU Directive 1994/45",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "1994",
  "number": "45",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1994-09-22",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/I",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "GENERAL",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Objective",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Definition of ‘controlling undertaking’",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/II",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "ESTABLISHMENT OF A EUROPEAN WORKS COUNCIL OR AN EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION PROCEDURE",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Responsibility for the establishment of a European Works Council or an employee information and consultation procedure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Special negotiating body",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Content of the agreement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Subsidiary requirements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/III",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Confidential information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Operation of European Works Council and information and consultation procedure for workers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Protection of employees' representatives",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Compliance with this Directive",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Link between this Directive and other provisions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Agreements in force",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Final provisions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Review by the Commission",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "section/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": "E",
      "heading": "SUBSIDIARY REQUIREMENTS",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/annex",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 2,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1994-45/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/1994/45",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:23:15.434945+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}