{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44.json",
  "id": "eudr/1998/44",
  "title": "DIRECTIVE 98/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions",
  "short_title": "DIRECTIVE 98/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions",
  "long_title": "DIRECTIVE 98/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions",
  "citation": "EU Directive 1998/44",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "1998",
  "number": "44",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1998-07-06",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Patentability",
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      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
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      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/article-1",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
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      "number": "2",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/article-2",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
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      "heading": null,
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
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      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/article-4",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
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    {
      "path": "article/5",
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      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/article-5",
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      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "article/6",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II",
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      "heading": "Scope of protection",
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      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-44/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
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      "status": null,
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    },
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    {
      "path": "article/11",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III",
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      "heading": "Compulsory cross-licensing",
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      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
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      "parent": "chapter/III"
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      "heading": "Deposit, access and re-deposit of a biological material",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
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    },
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      "path": "article/15",
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    {
      "path": "signature",
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      "heading": "Signature",
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    }
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  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/1998/44",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:23:07.267943+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}