{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78.json",
  "id": "eudr/1998/78",
  "title": "Directive 98/78/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 1998 on the supplementary supervision of insurance and reinsurance undertakings in an insurance or reinsurance group (repealed)",
  "short_title": "Directive 98/78/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 1998 on the supplementary supervision of insurance and reinsurance undertakings in an insurance or reinsurance group",
  "long_title": "Directive 98/78/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 1998 on the supplementary supervision of insurance and reinsurance undertakings in an insurance or reinsurance group (repealed)",
  "citation": "EU Directive 1998/78",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "1998",
  "number": "78",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1998-10-27",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Cases of application of supplementary supervision of insurance undertakings and reinsurance undertakings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2a",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2a",
      "heading": "Level of application with regard to mixed financial holding companies",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-2a",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Scope of supplementary supervision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Competent authorities for exercising supplementary supervision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Availability and quality of information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Access to information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Cooperation between competent authorities",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Intra-group transactions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Adjusted solvency requirement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Insurance holding companies, mixed financial holding companies, non-member-country insurance undertakings and non-member-country reinsurance undertakings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10a",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10a",
      "heading": "Cooperation with third countries' competent authorities",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-10a",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10b",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10b",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-10b",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Implementation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Entry into force",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Addressees",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "CALCULATION OF THE ADJUSTED SOLVENCY OF INSURANCE UNDERTAKINGS AND REINSURANCE UNDERTAKINGS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/1",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "CHOICE OF CALCULATION METHOD AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-I/division-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/2",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "APPLICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHODS",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-I/division-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/3",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "CALCULATION METHODS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/3/division/1",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": null,
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-I/division-3/division-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I/division/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/3/division/2",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": null,
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-I/division-3/division-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I/division/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I/division/3/division/3",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": null,
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-I/division-3/division-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/I/division/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "SUPPLEMENTARY SUPERVISION FOR INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE UNDERTAKINGS THAT ARE SUBSIDIARIES OF AN INSURANCE HOLDING COMPANY, A MIXED FINANCIAL HOLDING COMPANY, A NON-MEMBER-COUNTRY INSURANCE UNDERTAKING OR A NON-MEMBER-COUNTRY REINSURANCE UNDERTAKING",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II/division/1",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "In the case of two or more insurance undertakings or reinsurance undertakings as referred to in Article 2(2) which are the subsidiaries of an insurance holding company, a mixed financial holding company, a non-member-country insurance undertaking or a non-member-country reinsurance undertaking and which are established in different Member States, the competent authorities shall ensure that the method described in this Annex is applied in a consistent manner.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-II/division-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II/division/2",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Member States may waive the calculation provided for in this Annex with regard to an insurance undertaking or a reinsurance undertaking:",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-II/division-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II/division/3",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "The competent authorities shall ensure that calculations analogous to those described in Annex I are carried out at the level of the insurance holding company, mixed financial holding company, non-member-country insurance undertaking or non-member-country reinsurance undertaking.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-II/division-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II/division/4",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Non-availability of the necessary information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/annex-II/division-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex/II"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 0,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-1998-78/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/1998/78",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:23:06.247923+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}