{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2006-25/annex-I",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2006-25/annex-I.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2006/25",
  "legislation_title": "Directive 2006/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation) (19th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2006-25",
  "path": "annex/I",
  "kind": "annex",
  "number": "I",
  "heading": "Non-coherent optical radiation",
  "text": "The biophysically relevant exposure values to optical radiation can be determined with the formulae below. The formulae to be used depend on the range of radiation emitted by the source and the results should be compared with the corresponding exposure limit values indicated in Table 1.1. More than one exposure value and corresponding exposure limit can be relevant for a given source of optical radiation.\nNumbering (a) to (o) refers to corresponding rows of Table 1.1.\n(a)\nH eff = ∫ 0 t ∫ λ = 180 nm λ = 400 nm E λ λ,t × S λ × dλ × dt\n(Heff is only relevant in the range 180 to 400 nm)\n(b)\nH UVA = ∫ 0 t ∫ λ = 315 nm λ = 400 nm E λ λ,t × dλ × dt\n(HUVA is only relevant in the range 315 to 400 nm)\n(c), (d)\nL B = ∫ λ = 300 nm λ = 700 nm L λ λ × B λ × dλ\n(LB is only relevant in the range 300 to 700 nm)\n(e), (f)\nE B = ∫ λ = 300 nm λ = 700 nm E λ λ × B λ × dλ\n(EB is only relevant in the range 300 to 700 nm)\n(g) to (l)\nL R = ∫ λ 1 λ 2 L λ λ × R λ × dλ\n(See Table 1.1 for appropriate values of λ1 and λ2)\n(m), (n)\nE IR = ∫ λ = 780 nm λ = 3000 nm E λ λ × dλ\n(EIR is only relevant in the range 780 to 3 000 nm)\n(o)\nH skin = ∫ 0 t ∫ λ = 380 nm λ = 3000 nm E λ λ,t × dλ × dt\n(Hskin is only relevant in the range 380 to 3 000 nm)\nFor the purposes of this Directive, the formulae above can be replaced by the following expressions and the use of discrete values as set out in the following tables:\n(a)\nE eff = ∑ λ = 180 nm λ = 400 nm E λ × S λ × Δλ\nand H eff = E eff × Δt\n(b)\nE UVA = ∑ λ = 315 nm λ = 400 nm E λ × Δλ\nand H UVA = E UVA × Δt\n(c), (d)\nL B = ∑ λ = 300 nm λ = 700 nm L λ × B λ × Δλ\n(e), (f)\nE B = ∑ λ = 300 nm λ = 700 nm E λ × B λ × Δλ\n(g) to (l)\nL R = ∑ λ 1 λ 2 L λ × R λ × Δλ\n(See Table 1.1 for appropriate values of λ1 and λ2)\n(m), (n)\nE IR = ∑ λ = 780 nm λ = 3000 nm E λ × Δλ\n(o)\nE skin = ∑ λ = 380 nm λ = 3000 nm E λ × Δλ\nand H skin = E skin × Δt\nNotes:\nEλ (λ,t), Eλ spectral irradiance or spectral power density: the radiant power incident per unit area upon a surface, expressed in watts per square metre per nanometre [W m-2 nm-1]; values of Eλ (λ, t) and Eλ come from measurements or may be provided by the manufacturer of the equipment;\nEeff effective irradiance (UV range): calculated irradiance within the UV wavelength range 180 to 400 nm spectrally weighted by S (λ), expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];\nH radiant exposure: the time integral of the irradiance, expressed in joules per square metre [J m-2];\nHeff effective radiant exposure: radiant exposure spectrally weighted by S (λ), expressed in joules per square metre [J m-2];\nEUVA total irradiance (UVA): calculated irradiance within the UVA wavelength range 315 to 400 nm, expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];\nHUVA radiant exposure: the time and wavelength integral or sum of the irradiance within the UVA wavelength range 315 to 400 nm, expressed in joules per square metre [J m-2];\nS (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the wavelength dependence of the health effects of UV radiation on eye and skin, (Table 1.2) [dimensionless];\nt, Δt time, duration of the exposure, expressed in seconds [s];\nλ wavelength, expressed in nanometres [nm];\nΔ λ bandwidth, expressed in nanometres [nm], of the calculation or measurement intervals;\nLλ (λ), Lλ spectral radiance of the source expressed in watts per square metre per steradian per nanometre [W m-2 sr -1 nm-1];\nR (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the wavelength dependence of the thermal injury caused to the eye by visible and IRA radiation (Table 1.3) [dimensionless];\nLR effective radiance(thermal injury): calculated radiance spectrally weighted by R (λ) expressed in watts per square metre per steradian [W m-2 sr -1];\nB (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the wavelength dependence of the photochemical injury caused to the eye by blue light radiation (Table 1.3) [dimensionless];\nLB effective radiance(blue light): calculated radiance spectrally weighted by B (λ), expressed in watts per square metre per steradian [W m-2 sr -1];\nEB effective irradiance (blue light): calculated irradiance spectrally weighted by B (λ) expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];\nEIR total irradiance (thermal injury): calculated irradiance within the infrared wavelength range 780 nm to 3 000 nm expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];\nEskin total irradiance (visible, IRA and IRB): calculated irradiance within the visible and infrared wavelength range 380 nm to 3 000 nm, expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];\nHskin radiant exposure: the time and wavelength integral or sum of the irradiance within the visible and infrared wavelength range 380 to 3 000 nm, expressed in joules per square metre (J m-2);\nα angular subtense: the angle subtended by an apparent source, as viewed at a point in space, expressed in milliradians (mrad). Apparent source is the real or virtual object that forms the smallest possible retinal image.\nTable 1.1\nExposure limit values for non-coherent optical radiation\nNote 1: The range of 300 to 700 nm covers parts of UVB, all UVA and most of visible radiation; however, the associated hazard is commonly referred to as ‘blue light’ hazard. Blue light strictly speaking covers only the range of approximately 400 to 490 nm.\nNote 2: For steady fixation of very small sources with an angular subtense < 11 mrad, LB can be converted to EB. This normally applies only for ophthalmic instruments or a stabilized eye during anaesthesia. The maximum ‘stare time’ is found by: tmax = 100/EB with EB expressed in W m-2. Due to eye movements during normal visual tasks this does not exceed 100 s.\nIndex\nWavelength nm\nExposure limit value\nUnits\nComment\nPart of the body\nHazard\na.\n180-400\n(UVA, UVB and UVC)\nHeff = 30\nDaily value 8 hours\n[J m-2]\neye\ncornea\nconjunctiva\nlens\nskin\nphotokeratitis\nconjunctivitis\ncataractogenesis\nerythema\nelastosis\nskin cancer\nb.\n315-400\n(UVA)\nHUVA = 104\nDaily value 8 hours\n[J m-2]\neye lens\ncataractogenesis\nc.\n300-700\n(Blue light) see note 1\nL B = 10 6 t for t ≤ 10 000 s\nLB :[W m-2 sr-1]\nt: [seconds]\nfor α ≥ 11 mrad\neye retina\nphotoretinitis\nd.\n300-700\n(Blue light)\nsee note 1\nLB = 100\nfor t > 10 000 s\n[W m-2 sr-1]\ne.\n300-700\n(Blue light)\nsee note 1\nE B = 100 t for t ≤ 10 000 s\nEB: [W m-2]\nt: [seconds]\nfor α < 11 mrad\nsee note 2\nf.\n300-700\n(Blue light)\nsee note 1\nEB = 0,01\nt >10 000 s\n[W m-2]\ng.\n380-1 400\n(Visible and IRA)\nL R = 2,8 × 10 7 C α for t >10 s\n[W m-2 sr-1]\nCα = 1,7 for\nα ≤ 1,7 mrad\nCα = α for\n1,7 ≤ α ≤ 100 mrad\nCα = 100 for\nα > 100 mrad\nλ1= 380; λ2= 1 400\neye retina\nretinal burn\nh.\n380-1 400\n(Visible and IRA)\nL R = 5 × 10 7 C α t 0,25 for 10 μs ≤ t ≤ 10 s\nLR:[W m-2 sr-1]\nt: [seconds]\ni.\n380-1 400\n(Visible and IRA)\nL R = 8,89 × 10 8 C α for t <10 μs\n[W m-2 sr-1]\nj.\n780-1 400\n(IRA)\nL R = 6 × 10 6 C α for t > 10 s\n[W m-2 sr-1]\nCα = 11 for\nα ≤ 11 mrad\nCα = α for\n11≤ α ≤ 100 mrad\nCα = 100 for\nα > 100 mrad\n(measurement field-of-view: 11 mrad)\nλ1= 780; λ2= 1 400\neye retina\nretinal burn\nk.\n780-1 400\n(IRA)\nL R = 5 × 10 7 C α t 0,25 for 10 μs ≤ t ≤ 10 s\nLR: [W m-2 sr-1]\nt: [seconds]\nl.\n780-1 400\n(IRA)\nL R = 8,89 × 10 8 C α for t < 10 μs\n[W m-2 sr-1]\nm.\n780-3 000\n(IRA and IRB)\nEIR = 18 000 t-0,75\nfor t ≤ 1 000 s\nE: [W m-2]\nt: [seconds]\neye\ncornea\nlens\ncorneal burn\ncataractogenesis\nn.\n780-3 000\n(IRA and IRB)\nEIR = 100\nfor t > 1 000 s\n[W m-2]\no.\n380-3 000\n(Visible, IRA\nand IRB)\nHskin = 20 000 t0,25\nfor t < 10 s\nH: [J m-2]\nt: [seconds]\nskin\nburn\nTable 1.2\nS (λ) [dimensionless], 180 nm to 400 nm\nλ in nm\nS (λ)\nλ in nm\nS (λ)\nλ in nm\nS (λ)\nλ in nm\nS (λ)\nλ in nm\nS (λ)\n180\n0,012\n228\n0,1737\n276\n0,9434\n324\n0,00052\n372\n0,000086\n181\n0,0126\n229\n0,1819\n277\n0,9272\n325\n0,0005\n373\n0,000083\n182\n0,0132\n230\n0,19\n278\n0,9112\n326\n0,000479\n374\n0,00008\n183\n0,0138\n231\n0,1995\n279\n0,8954\n327\n0,000459\n375\n0,000077\n184\n0,0144\n232\n0,2089\n280\n0,88\n328\n0,00044\n376\n0,000074\n185\n0,0151\n233\n0,2188\n281\n0,8568\n329\n0,000425\n377\n0,000072\n186\n0,0158\n234\n0,2292\n282\n0,8342\n330\n0,00041\n378\n0,000069\n187\n0,0166\n235\n0,24\n283\n0,8122\n331\n0,000396\n379\n0,000066\n188\n0,0173\n236\n0,251\n284\n0,7908\n332\n0,000383\n380\n0,000064\n189\n0,0181\n237\n0,2624\n285\n0,77\n333\n0,00037\n381\n0,000062\n190\n0,019\n238\n0,2744\n286\n0,742\n334\n0,000355\n382\n0,000059\n191\n0,0199\n239\n0,2869\n287\n0,7151\n335\n0,00034\n383\n0,000057\n192\n0,0208\n240\n0,3\n288\n0,6891\n336\n0,000327\n384\n0,000055\n193\n0,0218\n241\n0,3111\n289\n0,6641\n337\n0,000315\n385\n0,000053\n194\n0,0228\n242\n0,3227\n290\n0,64\n338\n0,000303\n386\n0,000051\n195\n0,0239\n243\n0,3347\n291\n0,6186\n339\n0,000291\n387\n0,000049\n196\n0,025\n244\n0,3471\n292\n0,598\n340\n0,00028\n388\n0,000047\n197\n0,0262\n245\n0,36\n293\n0,578\n341\n0,000271\n389\n0,000046\n198\n0,0274\n246\n0,373\n294\n0,5587\n342\n0,000263\n390\n0,000044\n199\n0,0287\n247\n0,3865\n295\n0,54\n343\n0,000255\n391\n0,000042\n200\n0,03\n248\n0,4005\n296\n0,4984\n344\n0,000248\n392\n0,000041\n201\n0,0334\n249\n0,415\n297\n0,46\n345\n0,00024\n393\n0,000039\n202\n0,0371\n250\n0,43\n298\n0,3989\n346\n0,000231\n394\n0,000037\n203\n0,0412\n251\n0,4465\n299\n0,3459\n347\n0,000223\n395\n0,000036\n204\n0,0459\n252\n0,4637\n300\n0,3\n348\n0,000215\n396\n0,000035\n205\n0,051\n253\n0,4815\n301\n0,221\n349\n0,000207\n397\n0,000033\n206\n0,0551\n254\n0,5\n302\n0,1629\n350\n0,0002\n398\n0,000032\n207\n0,0595\n255\n0,52\n303\n0,12\n351\n0,000191\n399\n0,000031\n208\n0,0643\n256\n0,5437\n304\n0,0849\n352\n0,000183\n400\n0,00003\n209\n0,0694\n257\n0,5685\n305\n0,06\n353\n0,000175\n210\n0,075\n258\n0,5945\n306\n0,0454\n354\n0,000167\n211\n0,0786\n259\n0,6216\n307\n0,0344\n355\n0,00016\n212\n0,0824\n260\n0,65\n308\n0,026\n356\n0,000153\n213\n0,0864\n261\n0,6792\n309\n0,0197\n357\n0,000147\n214\n0,0906\n262\n0,7098\n310\n0,015\n358\n0,000141\n215\n0,095\n263\n0,7417\n311\n0,0111\n359\n0,000136\n216\n0,0995\n264\n0,7751\n312\n0,0081\n360\n0,00013\n217\n0,1043\n265\n0,81\n313\n0,006\n361\n0,000126\n218\n0,1093\n266\n0,8449\n314\n0,0042\n362\n0,000122\n219\n0,1145\n267\n0,8812\n315\n0,003\n363\n0,000118\n220\n0,12\n268\n0,9192\n316\n0,0024\n364\n0,000114\n221\n0,1257\n269\n0,9587\n317\n0,002\n365\n0,00011\n222\n0,1316\n270\n1,0\n318\n0,0016\n366\n0,000106\n223\n0,1378\n271\n0,9919\n319\n0,0012\n367\n0,000103\n224\n0,1444\n272\n0,9838\n320\n0,001\n368\n0,000099\n225\n0,15\n273\n0,9758\n321\n0,000819\n369\n0,000096\n226\n0,1583\n274\n0,9679\n322\n0,00067\n370\n0,000093\n227\n0,1658\n275\n0,96\n323\n0,00054\n371\n0,00009\nTable 1.3\nB (λ), R (λ) [dimensionless], 380 nm to 1 400 nm\nλ in nm\nB (λ)\nR (λ)\n300 ≤ λ < 380\n0,01\n—\n380\n0,01\n0,1\n385\n0,013\n0,13\n390\n0,025\n0,25\n395\n0,05\n0,5\n400\n0,1\n1\n405\n0,2\n2\n410\n0,4\n4\n415\n0,8\n8\n420\n0,9\n9\n425\n0,95\n9,5\n430\n0,98\n9,8\n435\n1\n10\n440\n1\n10\n445\n0,97\n9,7\n450\n0,94\n9,4\n455\n0,9\n9\n460\n0,8\n8\n465\n0,7\n7\n470\n0,62\n6,2\n475\n0,55\n5,5\n480\n0,45\n4,5\n485\n0,32\n3,2\n490\n0,22\n2,2\n495\n0,16\n1,6\n500\n0,1\n1\n500 < λ ≤ 600\n100,02·(450 - λ)\n1\n600 < λ ≤ 700\n0,001\n1\n700 < λ ≤ 1 050\n—\n100,002 · (700 - λ)\n1 050 < λ ≤ 1 150\n—\n0,2\n1 150 < λ ≤ 1 200\n—\n0,2· 100,02·(1 150 - λ)\n1 200 < λ ≤ 1 400\n—\n0,02",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2006/25/annex/I",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:22:37.954843+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}