{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-102/article-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-102/article-2.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2009/102",
  "legislation_title": "Directive 2009/102/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 in the area of company law on single-member private limited liability companies (codified version) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-102",
  "path": "article/2",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "2",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "1. A company may have a sole member when it is formed and also when all its shares come to be held by a single person (single-member company).\n2. Member States may, pending coordination of national laws relating to groups, lay down special provisions or penalties for cases where:\n(a) a natural person is the sole member of several companies; or\n(b) a single-member company or any other legal person is the sole member of a company.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2009/102/article/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:22:07.718206+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}