{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-31/annex-II/division-1/division-1.1",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-31/annex-II/division-1/division-1.1.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2009/31",
  "legislation_title": "Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide and amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC, European Parliament and Council Directives 2000/60/EC, 2001/80/EC, 2004/35/EC, 2006/12/EC, 2008/1/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2009-31",
  "path": "annex/II/division/1/division/1.1",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1.1",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "Establishing the plan\nThe monitoring plan shall provide details of the monitoring to be deployed at the main stages of the project, including baseline, operational and post-closure monitoring. The following shall be specified for each phase:\n(a) parameters monitored;\n(b) monitoring technology employed and justification for technology choice;\n(c) monitoring locations and spatial sampling rationale;\n(d) frequency of application and temporal sampling rationale.\nThe parameters to be monitored are identified so as to fulfil the purposes of monitoring. However, the plan shall in any case include continuous or intermittent monitoring of the following items:\n(e) fugitive emissions of CO2 at the injection facility;\n(f) CO2 volumetric flow at injection wellheads;\n(g) CO2 pressure and temperature at injection wellheads (to determine mass flow);\n(h) chemical analysis of the injected material;\n(i) reservoir temperature and pressure (to determine CO2 phase behaviour and state).\nThe choice of monitoring technology shall be based on best practice available at the time of design. The following options shall be considered and used as appropriate:\n(j) technologies that can detect the presence, location and migration paths of CO2 in the subsurface and at surface;\n(k) technologies that provide information about pressure-volume behaviour and areal/vertical distribution of CO2-plume to refine numerical 3-D simulation to the 3-D-geological models of the storage formation established pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I;\n(l) technologies that can provide a wide areal spread in order to capture information on any previously undetected potential leakage pathways across the areal dimensions of the complete storage complex and beyond, in the event of significant irregularities or migration of CO2 out of the storage complex.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2009/31/annex/II/division/1/division/1.1",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:22:13.911115+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}