{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2010-63/article-13",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2010-63/article-13.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2010/63",
  "legislation_title": "Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2010-63",
  "path": "article/13",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "13",
  "heading": "Choice of methods",
  "text": "1. Without prejudice to national legislation prohibiting certain types of methods, Member States shall ensure that a procedure is not carried out if another method or testing strategy for obtaining the result sought, not entailing the use of a live animal, is recognised under the legislation of the Union.\n2. In choosing between procedures, those which to the greatest extent meet the following requirements shall be selected:\n(a) use the minimum number of animals;\n(b) involve animals with the lowest capacity to experience pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm;\n(c) cause the least pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm;\nand are most likely to provide satisfactory results.\n3. Death as the end-point of a procedure shall be avoided as far as possible and replaced by early and humane end-points. Where death as the end-point is unavoidable, the procedure shall be designed so as to:\n(a) result in the deaths of as few animals as possible; and\n(b) reduce the duration and intensity of suffering to the animal to the minimum possible and, as far as possible, ensure a painless death.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2010/63/article/13",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:42:06.739931+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}