{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2011-95/article-21",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2011-95/article-21.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2011/95",
  "legislation_title": "Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted (recast)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2011-95",
  "path": "article/21",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "21",
  "heading": "Protection from refoulement",
  "text": "1. Member States shall respect the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with their international obligations.\n2. Where not prohibited by the international obligations mentioned in paragraph 1, Member States may refoule a refugee, whether formally recognised or not, when:\n(a) there are reasonable grounds for considering him or her as a danger to the security of the Member State in which he or she is present; or\n(b) he or she, having been convicted by a final judgment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that Member State.\n3. Member States may revoke, end or refuse to renew or to grant the residence permit of (or to) a refugee to whom paragraph 2 applies.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2011/95/article/21",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:58.442050+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}