# Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (Text with EEA relevance), Annex V: OPTIONAL INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 9

Extent: E+W+S+N.I.

(a) for freshwater ecosystems: establishing the extent of biological damage, including sensitive receptors (microphytes, macrophytes and diatoms), and loss of fish stock or invertebrates:
the key indicator acid neutralising capacity (ANC) and the supporting indicators acidity (pH), dissolved sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3) and dissolved organic carbon:
frequency of sampling: from yearly (in lake autumn turnover) to monthly (streams).
(b) for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing the soil acidity, soil nutrients loss, nitrogen status and balance as well as biodiversity loss:
(i) the key indicator soil acidity: exchangeable fractions of base cations (base saturation) and exchangeable aluminium in soils:
frequency of sampling: every 10 years;
supporting indicators: pH, sulphate, nitrate, base cations, aluminium concentrations in soil solution:
frequency of sampling: every year (where relevant);
(ii) the key indicator soil nitrate leaching (NO3,leach):
frequency of sampling: every year;
(iii) the key indicator carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and the supporting indicator of total nitrogen in soil (Ntot):
frequency of sampling: every 10 years;
(iv) the key indicator nutrient balance in foliage (N/P,N/K, N/Mg):
frequency of sampling: every four years.
(c) for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing ozone damage to vegetation growth and biodiversity:
(i) the key indicator vegetation growth and foliar damage and the supporting indicator carbon flux (Cflux):
frequency of sampling: every year;
(ii) the key indicator exceedance of flux-based critical levels:
frequency of sampling: every year during the growing season.

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Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2016/2284/annex/V (the official version)
Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-2284/annex-V
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.