{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680.json",
  "id": "eudr/2016/680",
  "title": "Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA",
  "short_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data…",
  "long_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA",
  "citation": "EU Directive 2016/680",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "2016",
  "number": "680",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2016-04-27",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "General provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Subject-matter and objectives",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Principles",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Principles relating to processing of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Time-limits for storage and review",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Distinction between different categories of data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Distinction between personal data and verification of quality of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Lawfulness of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Specific processing conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Processing of special categories of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Automated individual decision-making",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Rights of the data subject",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Information to be made available or given to the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Right of access by the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Limitations to the right of access",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Right to rectification or erasure of personal data and restriction of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/17",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Exercise of rights by the data subject and verification by the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/18",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Rights of the data subject in criminal investigations and proceedings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "Controller and processor",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV/section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "General obligations",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/19",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Obligations of the controller",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/20",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Data protection by design and by default",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/21",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Joint controllers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-21",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/22",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Processor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/23",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Processing under the authority of the controller or processor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-23",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/24",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Records of processing activities",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-24",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/25",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Logging",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-25",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/26",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Cooperation with the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-26",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/27",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Data protection impact assessment",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-27",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/28",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Prior consultation of the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-28",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV/section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Security of personal data",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/29",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Security of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-29",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/30",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-30",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/31",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-31",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV/section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Data protection officer",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/32",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Designation of the data protection officer",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-32",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/33",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Position of the data protection officer",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-33",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/34",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "34",
      "heading": "Tasks of the data protection officer",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-34",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/V",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "V",
      "heading": "Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/35",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "35",
      "heading": "General principles for transfers of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-35",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/36",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-36",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/37",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-37",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/38",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "38",
      "heading": "Derogations for specific situations",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-38",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/39",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "39",
      "heading": "Transfers of personal data to recipients established in third countries",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-39",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/40",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "40",
      "heading": "International cooperation for the protection of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-40",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VI",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "VI",
      "heading": "Independent supervisory authorities",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VI/section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Independent status",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/41",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "41",
      "heading": "Supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-41",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/42",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "42",
      "heading": "Independence",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-42",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/43",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "43",
      "heading": "General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-43",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/44",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-44",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VI/section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Competence, tasks and powers",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/45",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "45",
      "heading": "Competence",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-45",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/46",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Tasks",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-46",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/47",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "47",
      "heading": "Powers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-47",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/48",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "48",
      "heading": "Reporting of infringements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-48",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/49",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "49",
      "heading": "Activity reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-49",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VI/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VII",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "VII",
      "heading": "Cooperation",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/50",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "50",
      "heading": "Mutual assistance",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-50",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VII"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/51",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "51",
      "heading": "Tasks of the Board",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-51",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VII"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VIII",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "VIII",
      "heading": "Remedies, liability and penalties",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/52",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "52",
      "heading": "Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-52",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VIII"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/53",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "53",
      "heading": "Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-53",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VIII"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/54",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "54",
      "heading": "Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-680/article-54",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/VIII"
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