{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681.json",
  "id": "eudr/2016/681",
  "title": "Directive (EU) 2016/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime",
  "short_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/681 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection…",
  "long_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime",
  "citation": "EU Directive 2016/681",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "2016",
  "number": "681",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2016-04-27",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "General provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Subject-matter and scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Application of this Directive to intra-EU flights",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Responsibilities of the Member States",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Passenger information unit",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Data protection officer in the PIU",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Processing of PNR data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Competent authorities",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Obligations on air carriers regarding transfers of data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Exchange of information between Member States",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Conditions for access to PNR data by Europol",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Transfer of data to third countries",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Period of data retention and depersonalisation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Protection of personal data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Penalties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "National supervisory authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Implementing measures",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Common protocols and supported data formats",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/17",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Committee procedure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "Final provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/18",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Transposition",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/19",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Review",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/20",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Statistical data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/21",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Relationship to other instruments",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-21",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/22",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Entry into force",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/article-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "signature",
      "kind": "signature",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Signature",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/signature",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/I",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Passenger name record data as far as collected by air carriers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/annex-I",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/II",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "List of offences referred to in point (9) of Article 3",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/annex-II",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 0,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
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  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-681/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2016/681",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:35.568695+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}