{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943.json",
  "id": "eudr/2016/943",
  "title": "Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "short_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets)…",
  "long_title": "Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "citation": "EU Directive 2016/943",
  "type": "eudr",
  "year": "2016",
  "number": "943",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2016-06-08",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Subject matter and scope",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Subject matter and scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Lawful acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Exceptions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Measures, procedures and remedies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III/section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "General provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "General obligation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Proportionality and abuse of process",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Limitation period",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Preservation of confidentiality of trade secrets in the course of legal proceedings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III/section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Provisional and precautionary measures",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Provisional and precautionary measures",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Conditions of application and safeguards",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III/section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Measures resulting from a decision on the merits of the case",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Injunctions and corrective measures",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Conditions of application, safeguards and alternative measures",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Damages",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Publication of judicial decisions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/III/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "Sanctions, reporting and final provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Sanctions for non-compliance with this Directive",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/17",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Exchange of information and correspondents",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/18",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/19",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Transposition",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/20",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Entry into force",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/21",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Addressees",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/article-21",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "signature",
      "kind": "signature",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Signature",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/signature",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 0,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2016-943/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2016/943",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:34.627015+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}