{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-V/division-C/division-1",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-V/division-C/division-1.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2018/2001",
  "legislation_title": "Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001",
  "path": "annex/V/division/C/division/1",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1",
  "heading": "Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of transport fuels, biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows:",
  "text": "(a) greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biofuels shall be calculated as:\nE = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr,\nwhere\nE\n=\ntotal emissions from the use of the fuel;\neec\n=\nemissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;\nel\n=\nannualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change;\nep\n=\nemissions from processing;\netd\n=\nemissions from transport and distribution;\neu\n=\nemissions from the fuel in use;\nesca\n=\nemission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;\neccs\n=\nemission savings from CO2 capture and geological storage; and\neccr\n=\nemission savings from CO2 capture and replacement.\nEmissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.\n(b) Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of bioliquids shall be calculated as for biofuels (E), but with the extension necessary for including the energy conversion to electricity and/or heat and cooling produced, as follows:\n(i) For energy installations delivering only heat:\nEC h = E η h\n(ii) For energy installations delivering only electricity:\nEC el = E η el where\nECh,el Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.\nE Total greenhouse gas emissions of the bioliquid before end-conversion.\nηel The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual bioliquid input based on its energy content.\nηh The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual bioliquid input based on its energy content.\n(iii) For the electricity or mechanical energy coming from energy installations delivering useful heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:\nEC el = E η el C el × η el C el × η el + C h × η h\n(iv) For the useful heat coming from energy installations delivering heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:\nEC h = E η h C h × η h C el × η el + C h × η h where:\nECh,el Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.\nE Total greenhouse gas emissions of the bioliquid before end-conversion.\nηel The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual fuel input based on its energy content.\nηh The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual fuel input based on its energy content.\nCel Fraction of exergy in the electricity, and/or mechanical energy, set to 100 % (Cel = 1).\nCh Carnot efficiency (fraction of exergy in the useful heat).\nThe Carnot efficiency, Ch, for useful heat at different temperatures is defined as:\nC h = T h − T 0 T h\nwhere\nTh Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.\nT0 Temperature of surroundings, set at 273,15 kelvin (equal to 0 °C)\nIf the excess heat is exported for heating of buildings, at a temperature below 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), Ch can alternatively be defined as follows:\nCh Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), which is: 0,3546\nFor the purposes of that calculation, the following definitions apply:\n(a) ‘cogeneration’ means the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy;\n(b) ‘useful heat’ means heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating and cooling purposes;\n(c) ‘economically justifiable demand’ means the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2018/2001/annex/V/division/C/division/1",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:28.979999+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}