{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-VI/division-A",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-VI/division-A.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2018/2001",
  "legislation_title": "Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001",
  "path": "annex/VI/division/A",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "A",
  "heading": "Typical and default values of greenhouse gas emissions savings for biomass fuels if produced with no net-carbon emissions from land-use change",
  "text": "WOODCHIPS\nBiomass fuel production system\nTransport distance\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings –typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nHeat\nElectricity\nHeat\nElectricity\nWoodchips from forest residues\n1 to 500 km\n93 %\n89 %\n91 %\n87 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n89 %\n84 %\n87 %\n81 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n82 %\n73 %\n78 %\n67 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n67 %\n51 %\n60 %\n41 %\nWoodchips from short rotation coppice (Eucalyptus)\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n77 %\n65 %\n73 %\n60 %\nWoodchips from short rotation coppice (Poplar – Fertilised)\n1 to 500 km\n89 %\n83 %\n87 %\n81 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n85 %\n78 %\n84 %\n76 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n78 %\n67 %\n74 %\n62 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n63 %\n45 %\n57 %\n35 %\nWoodchips from short rotation coppice (Poplar – No fertilisation)\n1 to 500 km\n91 %\n87 %\n90 %\n85 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n88 %\n82 %\n86 %\n79 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n80 %\n70 %\n77 %\n65 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n65 %\n48 %\n59 %\n39 %\nWoodchips from stemwood\n1 to 500 km\n93 %\n89 %\n92 %\n88 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n90 %\n85 %\n88 %\n82 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n82 %\n73 %\n79 %\n68 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n67 %\n51 %\n61 %\n42 %\nWoodchips from industry residues\n1 to 500 km\n94 %\n92 %\n93 %\n90 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n91 %\n87 %\n90 %\n85 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n83 %\n75 %\n80 %\n71 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n69 %\n54 %\n63 %\n44 %\nCase 1 refers to processes in which a natural gas boiler is used to provide the process heat to the pellet mill. Electricity for the pellet mill is supplied from the grid;\nCase 2a refers to processes in which a woodchips boiler, fed with pre-dried chips, is used to provide process heat. Electricity for the pellet mill is supplied from the grid;\nCase 3a refers to processes in which a CHP, fed with pre-dried woodchips, is used to provide electricity and heat to the pellet mill.\nWOOD PELLETS\nBiomass fuel production system\nTransport distance\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nHeat\nElectricity\nHeat\nElectricity\nWood briquettes or pellets from forest residues\nCase 1\n1 to 500 km\n58 %\n37 %\n49 %\n24 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n58 %\n37 %\n49 %\n25 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n55 %\n34 %\n47 %\n21 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n50 %\n26 %\n40 %\n11 %\nCase 2a\n1 to 500 km\n77 %\n66 %\n72 %\n59 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n77 %\n66 %\n72 %\n59 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n75 %\n62 %\n70 %\n55 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n69 %\n54 %\n63 %\n45 %\nCase 3a\n1 to 500 km\n92 %\n88 %\n90 %\n85 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n92 %\n88 %\n90 %\n86 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n90 %\n85 %\n88 %\n81 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n84 %\n76 %\n81 %\n72 %\nWood briquettes or pellets from short rotation coppice (Eucalyptus)\nCase 1\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n52 %\n28 %\n43 %\n15 %\nCase 2a\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n70 %\n56 %\n66 %\n49 %\nCase 3a\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n85 %\n78 %\n83 %\n75 %\nWood briquettes or pellets from short rotation coppice (Poplar – Fertilised)\nCase 1\n1 to 500 km\n54 %\n32 %\n46 %\n20 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n52 %\n29 %\n44 %\n16 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n47 %\n21 %\n37 %\n7 %\nCase 2a\n1 to 500 km\n73 %\n60 %\n69 %\n54 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n71 %\n57 %\n67 %\n50 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n66 %\n49 %\n60 %\n41 %\nCase 3a\n1 to 500 km\n88 %\n82 %\n87 %\n81 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n86 %\n79 %\n84 %\n77 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n80 %\n71 %\n78 %\n67 %\nWood briquettes or pellets from short rotation coppice (Poplar – No fertilisation)\nCase 1\n1 to 500 km\n56 %\n35 %\n48 %\n23 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n54 %\n32 %\n46 %\n20 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n49 %\n24 %\n40 %\n10 %\nCase 2a\n1 to 500 km\n76 %\n64 %\n72 %\n58 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n74 %\n61 %\n69 %\n54 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n68 %\n53 %\n63 %\n45 %\nCase 3a\n1 to 500 km\n91 %\n86 %\n90 %\n85 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n89 %\n83 %\n87 %\n81 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n83 %\n75 %\n81 %\n71 %\nStemwood\nCase 1\n1 to 500 km\n57 %\n37 %\n49 %\n24 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n58 %\n37 %\n49 %\n25 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n55 %\n34 %\n47 %\n21 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n50 %\n26 %\n40 %\n11 %\nCase 2a\n1 to 500 km\n77 %\n66 %\n73 %\n60 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n77 %\n66 %\n73 %\n60 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n75 %\n63 %\n70 %\n56 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n70 %\n55 %\n64 %\n46 %\nCase 3a\n1 to 500 km\n92 %\n88 %\n91 %\n86 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n92 %\n88 %\n91 %\n87 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n90 %\n85 %\n88 %\n83 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n84 %\n77 %\n82 %\n73 %\nWood briquettes or pellets from wood industry residues\nCase 1\n1 to 500 km\n75 %\n62 %\n69 %\n55 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n75 %\n62 %\n70 %\n55 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n72 %\n59 %\n67 %\n51 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n67 %\n51 %\n61 %\n42 %\nCase 2a\n1 to 500 km\n87 %\n80 %\n84 %\n76 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n87 %\n80 %\n84 %\n77 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n85 %\n77 %\n82 %\n73 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n79 %\n69 %\n75 %\n63 %\nCase 3a\n1 to 500 km\n95 %\n93 %\n94 %\n91 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n95 %\n93 %\n94 %\n92 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n93 %\n90 %\n92 %\n88 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n88 %\n82 %\n85 %\n78 %\nThis group of materials includes agricultural residues with a low bulk density and it comprises materials such as straw bales, oat hulls, rice husks and sugar cane bagasse bales (not exhaustive list).\nThe group of agricultural residues with higher bulk density includes materials such as corn cobs, nut shells, soybean hulls, palm kernel shells (not exhaustive list).\nAGRICULTURE PATHWAYS\nBiomass fuel production system\nTransport distance\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nHeat\nElectricity\nHeat\nElectricity\nAgricultural Residues with density < 0,2 t/m3\n1 to 500 km\n95 %\n92 %\n93 %\n90 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n89 %\n83 %\n86 %\n80 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n77 %\n66 %\n73 %\n60 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n57 %\n36 %\n48 %\n23 %\nAgricultural Residues with density > 0,2 t/m3\n1 to 500 km\n95 %\n92 %\n93 %\n90 %\n500 to 2 500 km\n93 %\n89 %\n92 %\n87 %\n2 500 to 10 000 km\n88 %\n82 %\n85 %\n78 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n78 %\n68 %\n74 %\n61 %\nStraw pellets\n1 to 500 km\n88 %\n82 %\n85 %\n78 %\n500 to 10 000 km\n86 %\n79 %\n83 %\n74 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n80 %\n70 %\n76 %\n64 %\nBagasse briquettes\n500 to 10 000 km\n93 %\n89 %\n91 %\n87 %\nAbove 10 000 km\n87 %\n81 %\n85 %\n77 %\nPalm Kernel Meal\nAbove 10 000 km\n20 %\n-18 %\n11 %\n-33 %\nPalm Kernel Meal (no CH4 emissions from oil mill)\nAbove 10 000 km\n46 %\n20 %\n42 %\n14 %\nCase 1 refers to pathways in which electricity and heat required in the process are supplied by the CHP engine itself.\nCase 2 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by the CHP engine itself. In some Member States, operators are not allowed to claim the gross production for subsidies and case 1 is the more likely configuration.\nCase 3 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by a biogas boiler. This case applies to some installations in which the CHP engine is not on-site and biogas is sold (but not upgraded to biomethane).\nThe values for biogas production from manure include negative emissions for emissions saved from raw manure management. The value of esca considered is equal to – 45 g CO2eq/MJ manure used in anaerobic digestion.\nOpen storage of digestate accounts for additional emissions of CH4 and N2O. The magnitude of those emissions changes with ambient conditions, substrate types and the digestion efficiency.\nClose storage means that the digestate resulting from the digestion process is stored in a gas-tight tank and that the additional biogas released during storage is considered to be recovered for production of additional electricity or biomethane. No greenhouse gas emissions are included in that process.\nMaize whole plant means maize harvested as fodder and ensiled for preservation.\nBIOGAS FOR ELECTRICITY\nBiogas production system\nTechnological option\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nWet manure\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n146 %\n94 %\nClose digestate\n246 %\n240 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n136 %\n85 %\nClose digestate\n227 %\n219 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n142 %\n86 %\nClose digestate\n243 %\n235 %\nMaize whole plant\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n36 %\n21 %\nClose digestate\n59 %\n53 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n34 %\n18 %\nClose digestate\n55 %\n47 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n28 %\n10 %\nClose digestate\n52 %\n43 %\nBiowaste\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n47 %\n26 %\nClose digestate\n84 %\n78 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n43 %\n21 %\nClose digestate\n77 %\n68 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n38 %\n14 %\nClose digestate\n76 %\n66 %\nBIOGAS FOR ELECTRICITY – MIXTURES OF MANURE AND MAIZE\nBiogas production system\nTechnological option\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nManure – Maize\n80 % - 20 %\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n72 %\n45 %\nClose digestate\n120 %\n114 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n67 %\n40 %\nClose digestate\n111 %\n103 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n65 %\n35 %\nClose digestate\n114 %\n106 %\nManure – Maize\n70 % - 30 %\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n60 %\n37 %\nClose digestate\n100 %\n94 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n57 %\n32 %\nClose digestate\n93 %\n85 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n53 %\n27 %\nClose digestate\n94 %\n85 %\nManure – Maize\n60 % - 40 %\nCase 1\nOpen digestate\n53 %\n32 %\nClose digestate\n88 %\n82 %\nCase 2\nOpen digestate\n50 %\n28 %\nClose digestate\n82 %\n73 %\nCase 3\nOpen digestate\n46 %\n22 %\nClose digestate\n81 %\n72 %\nThe greenhouse gas emissions savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 g CO2eq/MJ.\nBIOMETHANE FOR TRANSPORT\nBiomethane production system\nTechnological options\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nWet manure\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n117 %\n72 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n133 %\n94 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n190 %\n179 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n206 %\n202 %\nMaize whole plant\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n35 %\n17 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n51 %\n39 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n52 %\n41 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n68 %\n63 %\nBiowaste\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n43 %\n20 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n59 %\n42 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n70 %\n58 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n86 %\n80 %\nThe greenhouse gas emissions savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 g CO2eq/MJ.\nThis category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS), Membranes, Cryogenic, and Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS). It includes an emission of 0,03 MJ CH4/MJ biomethane for the emission of methane in the off-gases.\nThis category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS) when water is recycled, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Chemical Scrubbing, Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS), Membranes and Cryogenic upgrading. No methane emissions are considered for this category (the methane in the off-gas is combusted, if any).\nBIOMETHANE – MIXTURES OF MANURE AND MAIZE\nBiomethane production system\nTechnological options\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – typical value\nGreenhouse gas emissions savings – default value\nManure – Maize\n80 % - 20 %\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n62 %\n35 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n78 %\n57 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n97 %\n86 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n113 %\n108 %\nManure – Maize\n70 % - 30 %\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n53 %\n29 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n69 %\n51 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n83 %\n71 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n99 %\n94 %\nManure – Maize\n60 % - 40 %\nOpen digestate, no off-gas combustion\n48 %\n25 %\nOpen digestate, off-gas combustion\n64 %\n48 %\nClose digestate, no off-gas combustion\n74 %\n62 %\nClose digestate, off-gas combustion\n90 %\n84 %",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "Case 1 refers to processes in which a natural gas boiler is used to provide the process heat to the pellet mill. Electricity for the pellet mill is supplied from the grid; Case 2a refers to processes in which a woodchips boiler, fed with pre-dried chips, is used to provide process heat. Electricity for the pellet mill is supplied from the grid; Case 3a refers to processes in which a CHP, fed with pre-dried woodchips, is used to provide electricity and heat to the pellet mill."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "This group of materials includes agricultural residues with a low bulk density and it comprises materials such as straw bales, oat hulls, rice husks and sugar cane bagasse bales (not exhaustive list)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "The group of agricultural residues with higher bulk density includes materials such as corn cobs, nut shells, soybean hulls, palm kernel shells (not exhaustive list)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "Case 1 refers to pathways in which electricity and heat required in the process are supplied by the CHP engine itself. Case 2 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by the CHP engine itself. In some Member States, operators are not allowed to claim the gross production for subsidies and case 1 is the more likely configuration. Case 3 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by a biogas boiler. This case applies to some installations in which the CHP engine is not on-site and biogas is sold (but not upgraded to biomethane)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "The values for biogas production from manure include negative emissions for emissions saved from raw manure management. The value of esca considered is equal to – 45 g CO2eq/MJ manure used in anaerobic digestion."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "Open storage of digestate accounts for additional emissions of CH4 and N2O. The magnitude of those emissions changes with ambient conditions, substrate types and the digestion efficiency."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "Close storage means that the digestate resulting from the digestion process is stored in a gas-tight tank and that the additional biogas released during storage is considered to be recovered for production of additional electricity or biomethane. No greenhouse gas emissions are included in that process."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f8",
      "text": "Maize whole plant means maize harvested as fodder and ensiled for preservation."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f9",
      "text": "The greenhouse gas emissions savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 g CO2eq/MJ."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f10",
      "text": "The greenhouse gas emissions savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 g CO2eq/MJ."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f11",
      "text": "This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS), Membranes, Cryogenic, and Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS). It includes an emission of 0,03 MJ CH4/MJ biomethane for the emission of methane in the off-gases."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f12",
      "text": "This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS) when water is recycled, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Chemical Scrubbing, Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS), Membranes and Cryogenic upgrading. No methane emissions are considered for this category (the methane in the off-gas is combusted, if any)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2018/2001/annex/VI/division/A",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:28.979999+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}