{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-VI/division-B/division-1",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001/annex-VI/division-B/division-1.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2018/2001",
  "legislation_title": "Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2018-2001",
  "path": "annex/VI/division/B/division/1",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1",
  "heading": "Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biomass fuels, shall be calculated as follows:",
  "text": "(a) Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biomass fuels before conversion into electricity, heating and cooling, shall be calculated as:\nE = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr,\nWhere\nE total emissions from the production of the fuel before energy conversion;\neec emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;\nel annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change;\nep emissions from processing;\netd emissions from transport and distribution;\neu emissions from the fuel in use;\nesca emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;\neccs emission savings from CO2 capture and geological storage; and\neccr emission savings from CO2 capture and replacement.\nEmissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.\n(b) In the case of co-digestion of different substrates in a biogas plant for the production of biogas or biomethane, the typical and default values of greenhouse gas emissions shall be calculated as:\nwhere\nE greenhouse gas emissions per MJ biogas or biomethane produced from co-digestion of the defined mixture of substrates\nSn Share of feedstock n in energy content\nEn Emission in g CO2/MJ for pathway n as provided in Part D of this Annex (*)\nwhere\nPn energy yield [MJ] per kilogram of wet input of feedstock n (**)\nWn weighting factor of substrate n defined as:\nW n = I n ∑ n 1 I n × 1 − AM n 1 − SM n where:\nIn Annual input to digester of substrate n [tonne of fresh matter]\nAMn Average annual moisture of substrate n [kg water/kg fresh matter]\nSMn Standard moisture for substrate n (***).\n(*)\nFor animal manure used as substrate, a bonus of 45 g CO2eq/MJ manure (– 54 kg CO2eq/t fresh matter) is added for improved agricultural and manure management.\n(**)\nThe following values of Pn shall be used for calculating typical and default values:\nP(Maize): 4,16 [MJbiogas/kg wet maize @ 65 % moisture]\nP(Manure): 0,50 [MJbiogas/kg wet manure @ 90 % moisture]\nP(Biowaste) 3,41 [MJbiogas/kg wet biowaste @ 76 % moisture]\n(***)\nThe following values of the standard moisture for substrate SMn shall be used:\nSM(Maize): 0,65 [kg water/kg fresh matter]\nSM(Manure): 0,90 [kg water/kg fresh matter]\nSM(Biowaste): 0,76 [kg water/kg fresh matter]\n(c) In the case of co-digestion of n substrates in a biogas plant for the production of electricity or biomethane, actual greenhouse gas emissions of biogas and biomethane are calculated as follows:\nE = ∑ 1 n S n × e ec,n + e td,feedstock,n + e l,n − e sca,n + e p + e td,product + e u − e ccs − e ccr where\nE total emissions from the production of the biogas or biomethane before energy conversion;\nSn Share of feedstock n, in fraction of input to the digester;\neec,n emissions from the extraction or cultivation of feedstock n;\netd,feedstock,n emissions from transport of feedstock n to the digester;\nel,n annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change, for feedstock n;\nesca emission savings from improved agricultural management of feedstock n (*);\nep emissions from processing;\netd,product emissions from transport and distribution of biogas and/or biomethane;\neu emissions from the fuel in use, that is greenhouse gases emitted during combustion;\neccs emission savings from CO2 capture and geological storage; and\neccr emission savings from CO2 capture and replacement.\n(*)\nFor esca a bonus of 45 g CO2eq/MJ manure shall be attributed for improved agricultural and manure management in the case animal manure is used as a substrate for the production of biogas and biomethane.\n(d) Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of biomass fuels in producing electricity, heating and cooling, including the energy conversion to electricity and/or heat or cooling produced, shall be calculated as follows:\n(i) For energy installations delivering only heat:\nEC h = E η h\n(ii) For energy installations delivering only electricity:\nEC el = E η el where\nECh,el Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.\nE Total greenhouse gas emissions of the fuel before end-conversion.\nηel The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual fuel input, based on its energy content.\nηh The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual fuel input, based on its energy content.\n(iii) For the electricity or mechanical energy coming from energy installations delivering useful heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:\nEC el = E η el C el × η el C el × η el + C h × η h\n(iv) For the useful heat coming from energy installations delivering heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:\nEC h = E η h C h × η h C el × η el + C h × η h where:\nECh,el Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.\nE Total greenhouse gas emissions of the fuel before end-conversion.\nηel The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual energy input, based on its energy content.\nηh The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual energy input, based on its energy content.\nCel Fraction of exergy in the electricity, and/or mechanical energy, set to 100 % (Cel = 1).\nCh Carnot efficiency (fraction of exergy in the useful heat).\nThe Carnot efficiency, Ch, for useful heat at different temperatures is defined as:\nC h = T h − T 0 T h where:\nTh Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.\nT0 Temperature of surroundings, set at 273,15 kelvin (equal to 0 °C).\nIf the excess heat is exported for heating of buildings, at a temperature below 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), Ch can alternatively be defined as follows:\nCh Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), which is: 0,3546\nFor the purposes of that calculation, the following definitions apply:\n(i) ‘cogeneration’ shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy;\n(ii) ‘useful heat’ shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes;\n(iii) ‘economically justifiable demand’ shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "X",
      "label": "X1",
      "text": "Substituted by Corrigendum to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Official Journal of the European Union L 328 of 21 December 2018)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2018/2001/annex/VI/division/B/division/1",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:28.979999+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}