{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2019-713/article-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2019-713/article-2.json",
  "legislation": "eudr/2019/713",
  "legislation_title": "Directive (EU) 2019/713 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/413/JHA",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-directive-2019-713",
  "path": "article/2",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "2",
  "heading": "Definitions",
  "text": "For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions apply:\n(a) ‘non-cash payment instrument’ means a non-corporeal or corporeal protected device, object or record, or a combination thereof, other than legal tender, and which, alone or in conjunction with a procedure or a set of procedures, enables the holder or user to transfer money or monetary value, including through digital means of exchange;\n(b) ‘protected device, object or record’ means a device, object or record safeguarded against imitation or fraudulent use, for example through design, coding or signature;\n(c) ‘digital means of exchange’ means any electronic money as defined in point (2) of Article 2 of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council or virtual currency;\n(d) ‘virtual currency’ means a digital representation of value that is not issued or guaranteed by a central bank or a public authority, is not necessarily attached to a legally established currency and does not possess a legal status of a currency or money, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of exchange, and which can be transferred, stored and traded electronically;\n(e) ‘information system’ means information system as defined in point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 2013/40/EU;\n(f) ‘computer data’ means computer data as defined in point (b) of Article 2 of Directive 2013/40/EU;\n(g) ‘legal person’ means an entity having legal personality under the applicable law, except for states or public bodies in the exercise of state authority and for public international organisations.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on the taking up, pursuit and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions amending Directives 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and repealing Directive 2000/46/EC (OJ L 267, 10.10.2009, p. 7)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2019/713/article/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:21:27.698480+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}