{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45.json",
  "id": "eur/2001/45",
  "title": "Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (repealed)",
  "short_title": "Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by…",
  "long_title": "Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (repealed)",
  "citation": "EU Regulation No 45/2001",
  "type": "eur",
  "year": "2001",
  "number": "45",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2000-12-18",
  "revised": false,
  "valid_from": null,
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "GENERAL PROVISIONS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/1",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Object of the Regulation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/2",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Definitions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/3",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "GENERAL RULES ON THE LAWFULNESS OF THE PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "PRINCIPLES RELATING TO DATA QUALITY",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/4",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Data quality",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "CRITERIA FOR MAKING DATA PROCESSING LEGITIMATE",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/5",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Lawfulness of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/6",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Change of purpose",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/7",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Transfer of personal data within or between Community institutions or bodies",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/8",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Transfer of personal data to recipients, other than Community institutions and bodies, subject to Directive 95/46/EC",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/9",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Transfer of personal data to recipients, other than Community institutions and bodies, which are not subject to Directive 95/46/EC",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF PROCESSING",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/10",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "The processing of special categories of data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN TO THE DATA SUBJECT",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/11",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Information to be supplied where the data have been obtained from the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/4"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/12",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Information to be supplied where the data have not been obtained from the data subject",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/4"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "RIGHTS OF THE DATA SUBJECT",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/13",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Right of access",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/14",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Rectification",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/15",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Blocking",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/16",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Erasure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/17",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Notification to third parties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/18",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "The data subject's right to object",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/19",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Automated individual decisions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "EXEMPTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/20",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Exemptions and restrictions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/6"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY OF PROCESSING",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/21",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Confidentiality of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-21",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/7"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/22",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Security of processing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/7"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/23",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Processing of personal data on behalf of controllers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-23",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/7"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "DATA PROTECTION OFFICER",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/24",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Appointment and tasks of the Data Protection Officer",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-24",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/8"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/25",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Notification to the Data Protection Officer",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-25",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/8"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/26",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Register",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-26",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/8"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/II/section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "PRIOR CHECKING BY THE EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION SUPERVISOR AND OBLIGATION TO COOPERATE",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/27",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Prior checking",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-27",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/9"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/28",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Consultation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-28",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/9"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/29",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Obligation to provide information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-29",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/9"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/30",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Obligation to cooperate",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-30",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/9"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/31",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Obligation to react to allegations",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-31",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/II/section/9"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/III",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "REMEDIES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/32",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Remedies",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-32",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/33",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Complaints by Community staff",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-33",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/IV",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA AND PRIVACY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/34",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "34",
      "heading": "Scope",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-34",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/35",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "35",
      "heading": "Security",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-35",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/36",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Confidentiality of communications",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-36",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/37",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Traffic and billing data",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-37",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/38",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "38",
      "heading": "Directories of users",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-38",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/39",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "39",
      "heading": "Presentation and restriction of calling and connected line identification",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-39",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/40",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "40",
      "heading": "Derogations",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-40",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/V",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "V",
      "heading": "INDEPENDENT SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY: THE EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION SUPERVISOR",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/41",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "41",
      "heading": "European Data Protection Supervisor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-41",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/42",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "42",
      "heading": "Appointment",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-42",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/43",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "43",
      "heading": "Regulations and general conditions governing the performance of the European Data Protection Supervisor's duties, staff and financial resources",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-43",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/44",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Independence",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-44",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/45",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "45",
      "heading": "Professional secrecy",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-45",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/46",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Duties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-46",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/47",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "47",
      "heading": "Powers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-47",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/48",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "48",
      "heading": "Activities report",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-48",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "chapter/VI",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "VI",
      "heading": "FINAL PROVISIONS",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "article/49",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "49",
      "heading": "Sanctions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-49",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/50",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "50",
      "heading": "Transitional period",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-50",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "article/51",
      "kind": "article",
      "number": "51",
      "heading": "Entry into force",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/article-51",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "signature",
      "kind": "signature",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Signature",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/signature",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex",
      "kind": "annex",
      "number": null,
      "heading": null,
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/division/1",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/annex/division-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/division/2",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/annex/division-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/division/3",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/annex/division-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/division/4",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/annex/division-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex"
    },
    {
      "path": "annex/division/5",
      "kind": "division",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2001-45/annex/division-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "annex"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2001/45",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31T18:01:06.446767+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}