Division 1.2 DEFINITIONS

Primary biodegradation: The structural change (transformation) of a chemical substance by microorganisms resulting in the loss of chemical identity.

Functional biodegradation: The structural change (transformation) of a chemical substance by microorganisms resulting in the loss of a specific property.

Ultimate aerobic biodegradation: The breakdown of a chemical substance by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralisation) and the production of new biomass and organic microbial biosynthesis products.

Mineralisation: The breakdown of a chemical substance or organic matter by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present.

Lag phase: The time from the start of a test until adaptation of the degrading micro organisms is achieved and the biodegradation degree of a chemical substance or organic matter has increased to a detectable level (e.g. 10 % of the maximum theoretical biodegradation, or lower, dependent on the accuracy of the measuring technique).

Maximum level of biodegradation: The degree of biodegradation of a chemical substance or organic matter in a test, recorded in per cent, above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test.

Primary substrate: A collection of natural carbon and energy sources that provide growth and maintenance of the microbial biomass.

Secondary substrate: A substrate component present in such a low concentration, that by its degradation, only insignificant amounts of carbon and energy are supplied to the competent microorganisms, as compared to the carbon and energy supplied by the degradation of main substrate components (primary substrates).

Degradation rate constant: A first order or pseudo first order kinetic rate constant, k (d^–1), which indicates the rate of degradation processes. For a batch experiment k is estimated from the initial part of the degradation curve obtained after the end of the lag phase.

Half-life, t_1/2 (d): Term used to characterise the rate of a first order reaction. It is the time interval that corresponds to a concentration decrease by a factor 2. The half-life and the degradation rate constant are related by the equation t_1/2 = ln2/k.

Degradation half time, DT₅₀ (d): Term used to quantify the outcome of biodegradation tests. It is the time interval, including the lag phase, needed to reach a value of 50 % biodegradation.

Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ): The limit of detection (LOD) is the concentration of a substance below which the identity of the substance cannot be distinguished from analytical artefacts. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is the concentration of a substance below which the concentration cannot be determined with an acceptable accuracy.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC): That part of the organic carbon in a sample of water which cannot be removed by specified phase separation, for example by centrifugation at 40 000 ms^–2 for 15 min. or by membrane filtration using membranes with pores of 0,2 μm-0,45 μm diameter.

Total organic ¹⁴C activity (TOA): The total ¹⁴C activity associated with organic carbon.

Dissolved organic ¹⁴C activity (DOA): The total ¹⁴C activity associated with dissolved organic carbon.

Particulate organic ¹⁴C activity (POA): The total ¹⁴C activity associated with particulate organic carbon.