{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2009-78/article-3",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2009-78/article-3.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2009/78",
  "legislation_title": "Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 2003/102/EC and 2005/66/EC (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2009-78",
  "path": "article/3",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "3",
  "heading": "Definitions",
  "text": "For the purposes of this Regulation:\n1..‘A-pillar’ means the foremost and outermost roof support extending from the chassis to the roof of the vehicle;\n2..‘brake assist system’ means a function of the braking system that deduces an emergency braking event from a characteristic of the driver’s brake demand and, under such conditions:\n(a)assists the driver to deliver the maximum achievable braking rate; or\n(b)is sufficient to cause full cycling of the Anti-lock Braking System;\n3..‘bumper’ means any front, lower, outer structures of a vehicle, including attachments thereto, which are intended to give protection to a vehicle when involved in a low speed frontal collision with another vehicle; it does not include, however, any frontal protection system;\n4..‘frontal protection system’ means a separate structure or structures, such as a bull bar, or a supplementary bumper which, in addition to the original-equipment bumper, is intended to protect the external surface of the vehicle from damage in the event of a collision with an object, with the exception of structures having a mass of less than 0,5 kg, intended to protect only the vehicle’s lights;\n5..‘maximum mass’ means the technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer pursuant to point 2.8 of Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683;\n6..‘vehicles of category N1’ derived from M1’ means those vehicles of N1 category which, forward of the A-pillars, have the same general structure and shape as a pre-existing M1 category vehicle;\n7..‘vehicles of category M1’ derived from N1’ means those vehicles of M1 category which, forward of the A-pillars, have the same general structure and shape as a pre-existing N1 category vehicle.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in Art. 3(5) substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 50(3)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2009/78/article/3",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:51:40.803827+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}