Division 4 In order to make flag State performance comparable, the excess factor (EF) shall be used. The EF is an indication of the number of times that p has to be altered and recalculated until the number of detentions for a flag State equals the limits. Any 3 % increment or decrement in p corresponds to one whole EF-point. For flag States categorized in the grey list, the EF shall be calculated using the following formula:

United Kingdom

EF = \frac{(Flags’ Detentions - μ_{white_to_grey})}{(μ_{black_to_grey} - μ_{white_to_grey})}