{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2011-1178/annex-I/appendix-4",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2011-1178/annex-I/appendix-4.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2011/1178",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2011-1178",
  "path": "annex/I/appendix/4",
  "kind": "appendix",
  "number": "4",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "Skill test for the issue of a CPL\nA.\nGeneral\n1.\nAn applicant for a skill test for the CPL shall have received instruction on the same class or type of aircraft to be used in the test.\n2.\nAn applicant shall pass all the relevant sections of the skill test. If any item in a section is failed, that section is failed. Failure in more than one section will require the applicant to take the entire test again. An applicant failing only in one section shall only repeat the failed section. Failure in any section of the retest, including those sections that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require the applicant to take the entire test again. All relevant sections of the skill test shall be completed within 6 months. Failure to achieve a pass in all relevant sections of the test in two attempts will require further training.\n3.\nFurther training may be required following any failed skill test. There is no limit to the number of skill tests that may be attempted.\nCONDUCT OF THE TEST\n4.\nShould the applicant choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the Flight Examiner (FE), the applicant shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the FE, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight.\n5.\nAt the discretion of the FE, any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicant. The FE may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicant’s demonstration of flying skills requires a complete re-test.\n6.\nAn applicant shall be required to fly the aircraft from a position where the PIC functions can be performed and to carry out the test as if no other crew member is present. Responsibility for the flight shall be allocated in accordance with national regulations.\n7.\nAn applicant shall indicate to the FE the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the checklist for the aircraft on which the test is being taken. During pre-flight preparation for the test, the applicant is required to determine power settings and speeds. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the aircraft used.\n8.\nThe FE shall take no part in the operation of the aircraft except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic.\nB.\nContent of the skill test for the issue of a CPL — Aeroplanes\n1.\nThe aeroplane used for the skill test shall meet the requirements for training aeroplanes, and shall be certificated for the carriage of at least four persons, have a variable pitch propeller and retractable landing gear.\n2.\nThe route to be flown shall be chosen by the FE and the destination shall be a controlled aerodrome. The applicant shall be responsible for the flight planning and shall ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board. The duration of the flight shall be at least 90 minutes.\n3.\nThe applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:\n(a)operate the aeroplane within its limitations;\n(b)complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;\n(c)exercise good judgement and airmanship;\n(d)apply aeronautical knowledge; and\n(e)maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.\nFLIGHT TEST TOLERANCES\n4.\nThe following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the aeroplane used.\nHeight\nnormal flight± 100 feet\nwith simulated engine failure± 150 feet\nTracking on radio aids± 5°\nHeading\nnormal flight± 10°\nwith simulated engine failure± 15°\nSpeed\ntake-off and approach± 5 knots\nall other flight regimes± 10 knots\nCONTENT OF THE TEST\n5.\nItems in section 2(c) and (e)(iv), and the whole of sections 5 and 6 may be performed in an FNPT II or an FFS.\nUse of the aeroplane checklists, airmanship, control of the aeroplane by external visual reference, anti-icing/de-icing procedures and principles of threat and error management apply in all sections.\nSECTION 1 — PRE-FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND DEPARTURE\na\nPre-flight, including:\nFlight planning, Documentation, Mass and balance determination, Weather brief, NOTAMS\nb\nAeroplane inspection and servicing\nc\nTaxiing and take-off\nd\nPerformance considerations and trim\ne\nAerodrome and traffic pattern operations\nf\nDeparture procedure, altimeter setting, collision avoidance (lookout)\ng\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nSECTION 2 — GENERAL AIRWORK\na\nControl of the aeroplane by external visual reference, including straight and level, climb, descent, lookout\nb\nFlight at critically low airspeeds including recognition of and recovery from incipient and full stalls\nc\nTurns, including turns in landing configuration. Steep turns 45°\nd\nFlight at critically high airspeeds, including recognition of and recovery from spiral dives\ne\nFlight by reference solely to instruments, including:\n(i)level flight, cruise configuration, control of heading, altitude and airspeed\n(ii)climbing and descending turns with 10°-30° bank\n(iii)recoveries from unusual attitudes\n(iv)limited panel instruments\nf\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nSECTION 3 — EN-ROUTE PROCEDURES\na\nControl of aeroplane by external visual reference, including cruise configuration Range/Endurance considerations\nb\nOrientation, map reading\nc\nAltitude, speed, heading control, lookout\nd\nAltimeter setting. ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\ne\nMonitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage, assessment of track error and re-establishment of correct tracking\nf\nObservation of weather conditions, assessment of trends, diversion planning\ng\nTracking, positioning (NDB or VOR), identification of facilities (instrument flight). Implementation of diversion plan to alternate aerodrome (visual flight)\nSECTION 4 — APPROACH AND LANDING PROCEDURES\na\nArrival procedures, altimeter setting, checks, lookout\nb\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nc\nGo-around action from low height\nd\nNormal landing, crosswind landing (if suitable conditions)\ne\nShort field landing\nf\nApproach and landing with idle power (single-engine only)\ng\nLanding without use of flaps\nh\nPost-flight actions\nSECTION 5 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES\nThis section may be combined with sections 1 through 4\na\nSimulated engine failure after take-off (at a safe altitude), fire drill\nb\nEquipment malfunctions\nincluding alternative landing gear extension, electrical and brake failure\nc\nForced landing (simulated)\nd\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\ne\nOral questions\nSECTION 6 — SIMULATED ASYMMETRIC FLIGHT AND RELEVANT CLASS OR TYPE ITEMS\nThis section may be combined with sections 1 through 5\na\nSimulated engine failure during take-off (at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS)\nb\nAsymmetric approach and go-around\nc\nAsymmetric approach and full stop landing\nd\nEngine shutdown and restart\ne\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures, Airmanship\nf\nAs determined by the FE — any relevant items of the class or type rating skill test to include, if applicable:\n(i)aeroplane systems including handling of autopilot\n(ii)operation of pressurisation system\n(iii)use of de-icing and anti-icing system\ng\nOral questions\nC.\nContent of the skill test for the issue of the CPL — Helicopters\n1.\nThe helicopter used for the skill test shall meet the requirements for training helicopters.\n2.\nThe area and route to be flown shall be chosen by the FE and all low level and hover work shall be at an approved aerodrome/site. Routes used for section 3 may end at the aerodrome of departure or at another aerodrome and one destination shall be a controlled aerodrome. The skill test may be conducted in 2 flights. The total duration of the flight(s) shall be at least 90 minutes.\n3.\nThe applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:\n(a)operate the helicopter within its limitations;\n(b)complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;\n(c)exercise good judgement and airmanship;\n(d)apply aeronautical knowledge; and\n(e)maintain control of the helicopter at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.\nFLIGHT TEST TOLERANCES\n4.\nThe following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the helicopter used.\nHeight\nnormal flight± 100 feet\nsimulated major emergency± 150 feet\nTracking on radio aids± 10°\nHeading\nnormal flight± 10°\nsimulated major emergency± 15°\nSpeed\ntake-off and approach multi-engine± 5 knots\nall other flight regimes± 10 knots\nGround drift\nT.O. hover I.G.E.± 3 feet\nlanding no sideways or backwards movement\nCONTENT OF THE TEST\n5.\nItems in section 4 may be performed in a helicopter FNPT or a helicopter FFS. Use of helicopter checklists, airmanship, control of helicopter by external visual reference, anti-icing procedures, and principles of threat and error management apply in all sections.\nSECTION 1 — PRE-FLIGHT/POST-FLIGHT CHECKS AND PROCEDURES\na\nHelicopter knowledge (e.g. technical log, fuel, mass and balance, performance), flight planning, documentation, NOTAMS, weather\nb\nPre-flight inspection/action, location of parts and purpose\nc\nCockpit inspection, starting procedure\nd\nCommunication and navigation equipment checks, selecting and setting frequencies\ne\nPre-take-off procedure, R/T procedure, ATC liaison-compliance\nf\nParking, shutdown and post-flight procedure\nSECTION 2 — HOVER MANOEUVRES, ADVANCED HANDLING AND CONFINED AREAS\na\nTake-off and landing (lift-off and touchdown)\nb\nTaxi, hover taxi\nc\nStationary hover with head/cross/tail wind\nd\nStationary hover turns, 360° left and right (spot turns)\ne\nForward, sideways and backwards hover manoeuvring\nf\nSimulated engine failure from the hover\ng\nQuick stops into and downwind\nh\nSloping ground/unprepared sites landings and take-offs\ni\nTake-offs (various profiles)\nj\nCrosswind, downwind take-off (if practicable)\nk\nTake-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated)\nl\nApproaches (various profiles)\nm\nLimited power take-off and landing\nn\nAutorotations (FE to select two items from — Basic, range, low speed, and 360° turns)\no\nAutorotative landing\np\nPractice forced landing with power recovery\nq\nPower checks, reconnaissance technique, approach and departure technique\nSECTION 3 — NAVIGATION — EN-ROUTE PROCEDURES\na\nNavigation and orientation at various altitudes/heights, map reading\nb\nAltitude/height, speed, heading control, observation of airspace, altimeter setting\nc\nMonitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage, endurance, ETA, assessment of track error and re-establishment of correct track, instrument monitoring\nd\nObservation of weather conditions, diversion planning\ne\nTracking, positioning (NDB and/or VOR), identification of facilities\nf\nATC liaison and observance of regulations, etc.\nSECTION 4 — FLIGHT PROCEDURES AND MANOEUVRES BY SOLE REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTS\na\nLevel flight, control of heading, altitude/height and speed\nb\nRate 1 level turns onto specified headings, 180° to 360° left and right\nc\nClimbing and descending, including turns at rate 1 onto specified headings\nd\nRecovery from unusual attitudes\ne\nTurns with 30° bank, turning up to 90° left and right\nSECTION 5 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (SIMULATED WHERE APPROPRIATE)\nNote 1:\nWhere the test is conducted on a multi-engine helicopter a simulated engine failure drill, including a single-engine approach and landing, shall be included in the test.\nNote 2:\nThe FE shall select four items from the following:\na\nEngine malfunctions, including governor failure, carburettor/engine icing, oil system, as appropriate\nb\nFuel system malfunction\nc\nElectrical system malfunction\nd\nHydraulic system malfunction, including approach and landing without hydraulics, as applicable\ne\nMain rotor and/or anti-torque system malfunction (FFS or discussion only)\nf\nFire drills, including smoke control and removal, as applicable\ng\nOther abnormal and emergency procedures as outlined in appropriate flight manual, including for multi-engine helicopters:\nSimulated engine failure at take-off:\nrejected take-off at or before TDP or safe forced landing at or before DPATO, shortly after TDP or DPATO.\nLanding with simulated engine failure:\nlanding or go-around following engine failure before LDP or DPBL,\nfollowing engine failure after LDP or safe forced landing after DPBL.\nD.\nContent of the skill test for the issue of a CPL — Airships\n1.\nThe airship used for the skill test shall meet the requirements for training airships.\n2.\nThe area and route to be flown shall be chosen by the FE. Routes used for section 3 may end at the aerodrome of departure or at another aerodrome and one destination shall be a controlled aerodrome. The skill test may be conducted in 2 flights. The total duration of the flight(s) shall be at least 60 minutes.\n3.\nThe applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:\n(a)operate the airship within its limitations;\n(b)complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;\n(c)exercise good judgement and airmanship;\n(d)apply aeronautical knowledge; and\n(e)maintain control of the airship at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.\nFLIGHT TEST TOLERANCES\n4.\nThe following limits shall apply, corrected to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the airship used.\nHeight\nnormal flight± 100 feet\nsimulated major emergency± 150 feet\nTracking on radio aids± 10°\nHeading\nnormal flight± 10°\nsimulated major emergency± 15°\nCONTENT OF THE TEST\n5.\nItems in sections 5 and 6 may be performed in an Airship FNPT or an airship FFS. Use of airship checklists, airmanship, control of airship by external visual reference, anti-icing procedures, and principles of threat and error management apply in all sections.\nSECTION 1 — PRE-FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND DEPARTURE\na\nPre-flight, including:\nFlight planning, Documentation, Mass and Balance determination, Weather brief, NOTAMS\nb\nAirship inspection and servicing\nc\nOff-mast procedure, ground manoeuvring and take-off\nd\nPerformance considerations and trim\ne\nAerodrome and traffic pattern operations\nf\nDeparture procedure, altimeter setting, collision avoidance (lookout)\ng\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nSECTION 2 — GENERAL AIRWORK\na\nControl of the airship by external visual reference, including straight and level, climb, descent, lookout\nb\nFlight at pressure height\nc\nTurns\nd\nSteep descents and climbs\ne\nFlight by reference solely to instruments, including:\n(i)level flight, control of heading, altitude and airspeed\n(ii)climbing and descending turns\n(iii)recoveries from unusual attitudes\n(iv)limited panel instruments\nf\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nSECTION 3 — EN-ROUTE PROCEDURES\na\nControl of airship by external visual reference,\nRange/Endurance considerations\nb\nOrientation, map reading\nc\nAltitude, speed, heading control, lookout\nd\nAltimeter setting, ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\ne\nMonitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage, assessment of track error and re-establishment of correct tracking\nf\nObservation of weather conditions, assessment of trends, diversion planning\ng\nTracking, positioning (NDB or VOR), identification of facilities (instrument flight). Implementation of diversion plan to alternate aerodrome (visual flight)\nSECTION 4 — APPROACH AND LANDING PROCEDURES\na\nArrival procedures, altimeter setting, checks, lookout\nb\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\nc\nGo-around action from low height\nd\nNormal landing\ne\nShort field landing\nf\nApproach and landing with idle power (single-engine only)\ng\nLanding without use of flaps\nh\nPost-flight actions\nSECTION 5 — ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES\nThis section may be combined with sections 1 through 4\na\nSimulated engine failure after take-off (at a safe altitude), fire drill\nb\nEquipment malfunctions\nc\nForced landing (simulated)\nd\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures\ne\nOral questions\nSECTION 6 — RELEVANT CLASS OR TYPE ITEMS\nThis section may be combined with sections 1 through 5\na\nSimulated engine failure during take-off (at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS)\nb\nApproach and go-around with failed engine(s)\nc\nApproach and full stop landing with failed engine(s)\nd\nMalfunctions in the envelope pressure system\ne\nATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures, Airmanship\nf\nAs determined by the FE — any relevant items of the class or type rating skill test to include, if applicable:\n(i)airship systems\n(ii)operation of envelope pressure system\ng\nOral questions",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2011/1178/annex/I/appendix/4",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:49:46.231029+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}