Division 3 Financial claims can be distinguished by whether they are negotiable or not. A claim is negotiable if its ownership is readily capable of being transferred from one unit to another by delivery or endorsement or of being offset in the case of financial derivatives. While any financial instrument can be potentially traded, negotiable instruments are designed to be traded on an organised exchange or over-the-counter, although actual trading is not a necessary condition for negotiability.

1.

2.

Holdings of financial assets created when creditors lend funds to debtors, which are not evidenced by documents or are evidenced by non-negotiable documents. This item also includes assets in the form of deposits placed by reporting agents. NCBs may also require the full sector breakdown for this item.

1. 1..

   This item includes:

   1. (a)

      loans granted to households and non-profit institutions serving households, broken down by:

      1. (i)

         credit for consumption (loans granted for the purpose of mainly personal use in the consumption of goods and services). Credit for consumption granted to sole proprietorships/partnerships without legal status is included in this category, if the reporting MFI knows that the loan is predominantly used for personal consumption purposes;

      2. (ii)

         lending for house purchase (credit extended for the purpose of investing in houses for own use or rental, including building and refurbishments). It comprises loans secured on residential property that are used for the purpose of house purchase and other loans for house purchase made on a personal basis or secured against other forms of assets. Housing loans granted to sole proprietorships/partnerships without legal status are included in this category unless the reporting MFI knows that the house is predominantly used for business related purposes, in which case it is reported as ‘other lending of which sole proprietorships/partnerships without legal status’;

      3. (iii)

         other (loans granted for purposes other than consumption and house purchase, such as business, debt consolidation, education, etc.). This category may include loans for consumption purposes to sole proprietorships/partnerships without legal status (see Part 3 of Annex II) if these are not reported under the category ‘credit for consumption’. Unless the conditions for reduced reporting apply, an ‘of which’ position is to be reported, separately identifying within this category the loans granted to sole proprietorships (see Part 3 of Annex II);

   2. (b)

      credit card debt

      For the purpose of this Regulation, this category comprises credit granted to households or non-financial corporations either via delayed debit cards, i.e. cards providing convenience credit as defined below, or via credit cards, i.e. cards providing convenience credit and extended credit. Credit card debt is recorded on dedicated card accounts and therefore not evident on current or overdraft accounts. Convenience credit is defined as the credit granted at an interest rate of 0 % in the period between the payment transactions effectuated with the card during one billing cycle and the date at which the debit balances from this specific billing cycle become due. Extended credit is defined as the credit granted after the due dates of the previous billing cycles have passed, i.e. debit amounts on the card account that have not been settled when this was first possible, for which an interest rate or tiered interest rates usually greater than 0 % are charged. Often minimum instalments per month have to be made, to at least partially repay extended credit.

      The counterpart to these forms of credit is the entity liable to eventually repay the amounts outstanding in accordance with the contractual agreement, which coincides with the cardholder in the case of privately used cards, but not in the case of company cards;

   3. (c)

      Revolving loans and overdrafts

      Revolving loans are loans that have all the following features: (i) the borrower may use or withdraw funds to a pre-approved credit limit without giving prior notice to the lender; (ii) the amount of available credit can increase and decrease as funds are borrowed and repaid; (iii) the credit may be used repeatedly; (iv) there is no obligation of regular repayment of funds.

      Revolving loans include the amounts obtained through a line of credit and not yet repaid (outstanding amounts). A line of credit is an agreement between a lender and borrower that allows a borrower to take advances, during a defined period and up to a certain limit, and repay the advances at his discretion before a defined date. Amounts available through a line of credit that have not been withdrawn or have already been repaid are not to be considered under any balance sheet items category. Overdrafts are debit balances on current accounts. Both revolving loans and overdrafts exclude loans provided through credit cards. The total amount owed by the borrower is to be reported, irrespective of whether it is within or beyond any limit agreed beforehand between the lender and the borrower with regard to size and/or maximum period of the loan;

   4. (d)

      Syndicated loans (single loan agreements, in which several institutions participate as lenders).

      Syndicated loans only cover cases where the borrower knows, from the loan contract, that the loan is made by several lenders. For statistical purposes, only amounts actually disbursed by lenders (rather than total credit lines) are regarded as syndicated loans. The syndicated loan is usually arranged and coordinated by one institution (often called the ‘lead manager’) and is actually made by various participants in the syndicate. Participants, including the lead manager, all report their share of the loan vis-à-vis the borrower, i.e. not vis-à-vis the lead manager, in their balance sheet assets;

   5. (e)

      deposits, as defined under liability category 9;

   6. (f)

      financial leases granted to third parties

      Financial leases are contracts whereby the legal owner of a durable good (hereinafter the ‘lessor’) lends these assets to a third party (hereinafter the ‘lessee’) for most if not all of the economic lifetime of the assets, in exchange for instalments covering the cost of the good plus an imputed interest charge. The lessee is in fact assumed to receive all of the benefits to be derivable from the use of the good and to incur the costs and risks associated with ownership. For statistical purposes, financial leases are treated as loans from the lessor to the lessee enabling the lessee to purchase the durable good. The assets (durable goods) which have been lent to the lessee are not recorded anywhere on the balance sheet;

   7. (g)

      bad loans that have not yet been repaid or written off

      The total amount of loans in respect of which repayment is overdue or otherwise identified as being impaired, partially or totally, in accordance with the definition of default in Article 178 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;

   8. (h)

      holdings of non-negotiable securities

      Holdings of debt securities which are not negotiable and cannot be traded on secondary markets;

   9. (i)

      traded loans

      Loans that have de facto become negotiable are to be classified under the asset item ‘loans’ provided that there is no evidence of secondary market trading. Otherwise they should be classified as debt securities (category 3);

   10. (j)

       subordinated debt in the form of deposits or loans

       Subordinated debt instruments provide a subsidiary claim on the issuing institution that can only be exercised after all claims with a higher status, e.g. deposits/loans, have been satisfied, giving them some of the characteristics of equity. For statistical purposes, subordinated debt is to be classified as either ‘loans’ or ‘debt securities’ according to the nature of the financial instrument. Where MFI holdings of all forms of subordinated debt are currently identified as a single figure for statistical purposes, this figure is to be classified under the assets item ‘debt securities’, on the grounds that subordinated debt is predominately constituted in the form of securities, rather than as loans;

   11. (k)

       claims under reverse repos or securities borrowing against cash collateral

       Counterpart of cash paid out in exchange for securities purchased by reporting agents at a given price under a firm commitment to resell the same or similar securities at a fixed price on a specified future date, or securities borrowing against cash collateral (see liability category 9.4).

   For the purpose of this reporting scheme, the breakdown of loans according to real estate collateral includes the total amount of outstanding loans which are collateralised in accordance with Article 199 paragraphs 2 to 4 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, with an outstanding loan/collateral ratio of 1 or below 1. If these rules are not applied by the reporting agent, the determination of the loans to be included in this breakdown is based on the approach chosen to comply with capital requirements.

2. 2..

   The following item is not treated as a loan:

   Loans granted on a trust basis

   Loans granted on a trust basis, i.e. trust loans or fiduciary loans, are loans made in the name of one party (hereinafter the ‘trustee’) on behalf of a third party (hereinafter the ‘beneficiary’). For statistical purposes, trust loans are not to be recorded on the balance sheet of the trustee where the risks and rewards of ownership of the funds remain with the beneficiary. The risks and rewards of ownership remain with the beneficiary where: (a) the beneficiary assumes the credit risk of the loan, i.e. the trustee is responsible only for the administrative management of the loan; or (b) the beneficiary’s investment is guaranteed against loss, should the trustee go into liquidation, i.e. the trust loan is not part of the assets of the trustee that can be distributed in the event of bankruptcy

3.

Holdings of debt securities, which are negotiable financial instruments serving as evidence of debt, are usually traded on secondary markets or can be offset on the market, and which do not grant the holder any ownership rights over the issuing institution.

This item includes:

1. (a)

   holdings of securities which give the holder the unconditional right to a fixed or contractually determined income in the form of coupon payments and/or a stated fixed sum at a specific date or dates, or starting from a date defined at the time of issue;

2. (b)

   loans that have become negotiable on an organised market, i.e. traded loans, provided that there is evidence of secondary market trading, including the existence of market makers, and frequent quotation of the financial asset, such as provided by bid-offer spreads. Where this is not the case they should be classified under the asset item ‘loans’ (see also ‘traded loans’ in category 2i);

3. (c)

   subordinated debt in the form of debt securities (see also ‘subordinated debt in the form of deposits or loans’ in category 2j)

Securities lent out under securities lending operations or sold under a repurchase agreement remain on the original owner’s balance sheet (and are not to be recorded on the balance sheet of the temporary acquirer) where there is a firm commitment to reverse the operation, and not simply an option to do so. Where the temporary acquirer sells the securities received, this sale must be recorded as an outright transaction in securities and entered in the balance sheet of the temporary acquirer as a negative position in the securities portfolio

3a/3b/3c

These items include:

1. (a)

   Holdings of negotiable debt securities of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years’ original maturity;

2. (b)

   loans that have become negotiable on an organised market, i.e. traded loans that are classified as debt securities, of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years’ original maturity;

3. (c)

   Subordinated debt in the form of debt securities of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years’ original maturity

4.

Equity represents property rights on corporations or quasi-corporations; it is a claim on residual value after the claims of all creditors have been met.

This item includes listed and unlisted shares and other equity

5.

Shares or units issued by investment funds, which are collective investment undertakings that invest in financial and/or non-financial assets, to the extent that the objective is investing capital raised from the public

This item includes MMF shares/units issued by MMFs pursuant to Article 2 of this Regulation and shares/units issued by non-MMF investment funds (as defined in Article 1(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1073/2013 (ECB/2013/38)

6.

7.

The item ‘remaining assets’ is the residual item on the asset side of the balance sheet, defined as ‘assets not included elsewhere’. NCBs may require the reporting of specific sub-positions included in this item. Remaining assets may include:

1. (a)

   financial derivative positions with gross positive market values

   For statistical purposes, financial derivative instruments that are subject to on-balance-sheet recording are included here and should be reported as a separate ‘of which’ item with a sectoral (MFI/non-MFI) and a geographical (domestic/euro area other than domestic/rest of the world) breakdown;

2. (b)

   gross amounts receivable in respect of suspense items

   Suspense items are asset balances held in the MFI balance sheet which are not booked in the name of customers but which nevertheless relate to customers’ funds, e.g. funds that are awaiting investment, transfer or settlement;

3. (c)

   gross amounts receivable in respect of transit items

   Transit items represent funds, usually belonging to customers, which are in the course of being transmitted between MFIs. Items include cheques and other forms of payment that have been sent for collection to other MFIs;

4. (d)

   accrued interest receivable on loans

   In accordance with the general principle of accruals accounting, interest receivable on loans should be subject to on-balance-sheet recording as it accrues, i.e. on an accruals basis, rather than when it is actually received, i.e. on a cash basis. Accrued interest on loans is classified on a gross basis under the category ‘remaining assets’. Accrued interest is excluded from the loan to which it relates, and should be reported as a separate ‘of which’ item;

5. (e)

   accrued interest on holdings of debt securities;

6. (f)

   dividends to be received;

7. (g)

   amounts receivable not related to the main MFI business;

8. (h)

   asset counterpart to coins issued by the State (NCBs’ balance sheets only);

Remaining assets’ exclude financial instruments that take the form of financial assets (included within the other balance sheet items), certain financial instruments that do not take the form of financial assets, such as guarantees, commitments, administered and trust loans (recorded off-balance sheet), and non-financial assets (included within category 6)

8.

9.

Amounts (shares, deposits or other), which are owed to creditors by reporting agents and which comply with the features described in Section 1 of Part 1 of Annex I, except those arising from the issue of negotiable securities or MMF shares/units. For the purposes of the reporting scheme, this category is broken down into overnight deposits, deposits with agreed maturity, deposits redeemable at notice and repurchase agreements

1. (a)

   deposits and loans

   ‘Deposits’ also cover ‘loans’ as liabilities of MFIs. In conceptual terms, loans represent amounts received by MFIs that are not structured in the form of ‘deposits’. The ESA 2010 distinguishes between ‘loans’ and ‘deposits’ on the basis of the party that takesthe initiative, i.e. if this is the borrower, then it constitutes a loan, but if this is the lender, then it constitutes a deposit. Within the reporting scheme, ‘loans’ are not recognised as a separate category on the liabilities side of the balance sheet. Instead, balances that are considered as ‘loans’ are to be classified indistinguishably under the item ‘deposit liabilities’, unless they are represented by negotiable instruments. This is in line with the definition of ‘deposit liabilities’ above. Loans to MFIs that are classified as ‘deposit liabilities’ are to be broken down in accordance with the requirements of the reporting scheme, i.e. by sector, instrument, currency and maturity. Syndicated loans received by reporting agents fall under this category.

2. (b)

   non-negotiable debt instruments

   Non-negotiable debt instruments issued by reporting agents are generally to be classified as ‘deposit liabilities’. Non-negotiable instruments issued by reporting agents that subsequently become negotiable and that can be traded on secondary markets should be reclassified as ‘debt securities’.

3. (c)

   margin deposits

   Margin deposits (margins) made under derivative contracts should be classified as ‘deposit liabilities’ where they represent cash collateral deposited with MFIs and where they remain in the ownership of the depositor and are repayable to the depositor when the contract is closed out. In principle, margins received by the reporting agent should only be classified as ‘deposit liabilities’ to the extent that the MFI is provided with funds that are freely available for on-lending; where a part of the margin received by the MFI has to be passed to another derivatives market participant, e.g. the clearing house, only that part which remains at the disposal of the MFI should in principle be classified as ‘deposit liabilities’. The complexities of current market practice may make it difficult to identify those margins that are truly repayable, because different types of margin are placed indistinguishably within the same account, or those margins that provide the MFI with resources for on lending. In these cases, it is acceptable to classify these margins under ‘remaining liabilities’ or as ‘deposit liabilities’.

4. (d)

   earmarked balances

   According to national practice ‘earmarked balances’ related to e.g. leasing contracts are classified as deposit liabilities under ‘deposits with agreed maturity’ or ‘deposits redeemable at notice’ depending on the maturity/provisions of the underlying contract.

5. (e)

   shares issued by MFIs

   Shares issued by MFIs are classified as deposits instead of as capital and reserves if: (i) there is a debtor-creditor economic relationship between the issuing MFI and the holder, regardless of any property rights in these shares; and (ii) the shares can be converted into currency or redeemed without significant restrictions or penalties. A notice period is not considered to be a significant restriction. In addition, such shares must comply with the following conditions:

   • the relevant national regulatory provisions provide no unconditional right to the issuing MFI to refuse redemption of its shares;

   • the shares are ‘value certain’, i.e. under normal circumstances they will be paid out at their nominal value in the event of redemption;

   • in the event of the MFI’s insolvency, the holders of its shares are legally subject neither to the obligation to cover outstanding liabilities in addition to the nominal value of the shares, i.e. the shareholders’ participation in the subscribed capital, nor to any other onerous supplementary obligations. The subordination of shares to any other instrument issued by the MFI does not qualify as an onerous supplementary obligation.

   The notice periods for the conversion of such shares into currency are used in order to classify these shares according to the breakdown by notice period within the instrument category ‘deposits’. These notice periods also apply when determining the reserve ratio under Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 1745/2003 (ECB/2003/9). Any earmarked shares relating to loans made by the MFI should be classified as deposit liabilities, with the same original maturity breakdown as the underlying loan, i.e. as ‘deposits with agreed maturity’ or ‘deposits redeemable at notice’, depending on the maturity provisions of the underlying loan contract.

   When held by MFIs, such shares issued by MFIs and classified as deposits instead of capital and reserves are classified by the holding MFI as loans on the asset side of its balance sheet.

6. (f)

   securitisation liabilities

   Counterpart of loans and/or other assets disposed of in a securitisation but still recognised on the statistical balance sheet

The following item is not treated as a deposit:

• Funds (deposits) received on a trust basis are not recorded on the MFI statistical balance sheet (see ‘Loans granted on a trust basis’ under category 2)

9.1.

Deposits which are convertible into currency and/or which are transferable on demand by cheque, banker’s order, debit entry or similar means, without significant delay, restriction or penalty. This item includes:

1. (a)

   balances (interest-bearing or not) which are immediately convertible into currency on demand or by close of business on the day following that on which the demand was made, without any significant penalty or restriction, but which are not transferable;

2. (b)

   balances (interest-bearing or not) representing prepaid amounts in the context of ‘hardware-based’ or ‘software-based’ e-money, e.g. prepaid cards;

3. (c)

   loans to be repaid by close of business on the day following that on which the loan was granted.

9.1a.

9.2.

9.2a/9.2b/9.2c

These items include for each maturity breakdown:

1. (a)

   Balances placed with a fixed term to maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years that are non-transferable and cannot be converted into currency before that maturity;

2. (b)

   Balances placed with a fixed term to maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years that are non-transferable but can be redeemed before that term after prior notification; where notification has been given, these balances are classified in 9.3a or 9.3b where appropriate;

3. (c)

   Balances placed with a fixed term to maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years that are non-transferable but can be redeemed on demand subject to certain penalties;

4. (d)

   Margin payments made under derivative contracts to be closed out within one year/between one and two years/over two years, representing cash collateral placed to protect against credit risk but remaining in the ownership of the depositor and being repayable to the depositor when the contract is closed out;

5. (e)

   Loans, which are either evidenced by non-negotiable documents or not evidenced by documents, of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years’ original maturity;

6. (f)

   Non-negotiable debt securities issued by MFIs of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years;

7. (g)

   Subordinated debt issued by MFIs in the form of deposits or loans of original maturity of up to and including one year/over one year and up to and including two years/over two years;

8. (h)

   Securitisation liabilities.

   Counterpart of loans and/or other assets disposed of in a securitisation but still recognised on the statistical balance sheet. By convention these liabilities are assigned to the maturity breakdown ‘over two years’ agreed maturity’.

In addition, deposits of over two years’ agreed maturity include:

Balances (regardless of maturity) in which the interest rates and/or terms and conditions are specified in national legislation and which are designed to be held for specific purposes, e.g. house financing, occurring after two years, even if technically they are redeemable on demand

9.3.

9.3a/9.3b

These items include:

1. (a)

   Balances placed without a fixed maturity that can be withdrawn only subject to a prior notice of up to and including three months/of over three months, of which over two years; if redemption prior to that notice period (or even on demand) is possible, it involves the payment of a penalty; and

2. (b)

   Balances placed with a fixed term to maturity that are non-transferable but that have been subject to a notification of less than three months/of over three months, of which over two years, for an earlier redemption

In addition, deposits redeemable at up to and including three months’ notice include non-transferable sight savings deposits and other types of retail deposits which, although legally redeemable on demand, are subject to significant penalties

Deposits redeemable at over three months’ notice of which over two years’ notice (where applicable) include investment accounts without a period of notice or agreed maturity, but which contain restrictive drawing provisions

9.4.

Counterpart of cash received in exchange for securities sold by reporting agents at a given price under a firm commitment to repurchase the same or similar securities at a fixed price on a specified future date. Amounts received by reporting agents in exchange for securities transferred to a third party, i.e. the temporary acquirer, are to be classified under ‘repurchase agreements’ where there is a firm commitment to reverse the operation and not merely an option to do so. This implies that reporting agents retain all risks and rewards of the underlying securities during the operation.

The following variants of repo-type operations are all classified under ‘repurchase agreements’:

1. (a)

   amounts received in exchange for securities temporarily transferred to a third party in the form of securities lending against cash collateral; and

2. (b)

   amounts received in exchange for securities temporarily transferred to a third party in the form of a sale/buy-back agreement.

The securities underlying repo type operations are recorded following the rules in asset item 3 ‘debt securities’. Operations involving the temporary transfer of gold against cash collateral are also included under this item

10.

11.

Securities other than equity issued by reporting agents, which are instruments usually negotiable and traded on secondary markets or which can be offset on the market and which do not grant the holder any ownership rights over the issuing institution. This item includes:

1. (a)

   Securities that give the holder the unconditional right to a fixed or contractually determined income in the form of coupon payments and/or a stated fixed sum at a specific date (or dates) or starting from a date defined at the time of issue;

2. (b)

   Non-negotiable instruments issued by reporting agents that subsequently become negotiable should be reclassified as ‘debt securities’ (see also category 9);

3. (c)

   Subordinated debt issued by MFIs is to be treated in the same way as other debt incurred by MFIs for the purposes of monetary and financial statistics. Hence, subordinated debt issued in the form of securities is to be classified as ‘debt securities issued’, whereas subordinated debt issued by MFIs in the form of deposits or loans is to be classified as ‘deposit liabilities’. Where all subordinated debt issued by MFIs is identified as a single amount for statistical purposes, this figure is to be classified under the item ‘debt securities issued’, on the grounds that subordinated debt is predominately constituted in the form of securities rather than as loans. Subordinated debt should not be classified under the liability item ‘capital and reserves’

4. (d)

   Hybrid instruments. Negotiable instruments with a combination of debt and derivative components, including:

   1. (i)

      negotiable debt instruments containing embedded derivatives;

   2. (ii)

      negotiable instruments whose redemption value and/or coupon is linked to the development of an underlying reference asset, asset price or other reference indicator over the maturity of the instrument

11a/11b/11c

These items include for each maturity breakdown:

1. (a)

   Negotiable debt securities issued by MFIs of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two years/of over two years’ original maturity; and

2. (b)

   Subordinated debt issued by MFIs in the form of debt securities of original maturity of up to and including one year/of over one year and up to and including two year/of over two years’ original maturity

11d

12.

For the purposes of the reporting scheme, this category comprises the amounts arising from the issue of equity capital by reporting agents to shareholders or other proprietors, representing for the holder property rights in the MFI and generally an entitlement to a share in its profits and to a share in its own funds in the event of liquidation. Profit (or loss) as recorded in the statement of profit and loss, funds arising from income not distributed to the shareholders or funds set aside by reporting agents in anticipation of likely future payments and obligations are also included. In detail, the category would in principle include:

1. (a)

   equity capital raised, including the share premium;

2. (b)

   profit (or loss) as recorded in the statement of profit and loss;

3. (c)

   income and expenses recognised directly in equity;

4. (d)

   funds arising from income not distributed to the shareholders;

5. (e)

   specific and general provisions against loans, securities and other types of assets, e.g. allowances for impairments and loan-losses (may be recorded according to the accounting rules)

13.

The item ‘remaining liabilities’ is the residual item on the liabilities side of the balance sheet, defined as ‘liabilities not included elsewhere’. NCBs may require the reporting of specific sub-positions included in this item. Remaining liabilities may include:

1. (a)

   financial derivative positions with gross negative market values

   For statistical purposes, financial derivative instruments that are subject to on-balance-sheet recording are to be included here and should be reported as a separate ‘of which’ item with a sectoral (MFI/non-MFI) and a geographical (domestic/euro area other than domestic/rest of the world) breakdown;

2. (b)

   gross amounts payable in respect of suspense items

   Suspense items are balances held in the MFI balance sheet which are not booked in the name of customers but which nevertheless relate to customers’ funds, e.g. funds that are awaiting investment, transfer or settlement;

3. (c)

   gross amounts payable in respect of transit items

   Transit items represent funds, usually belonging to customers, which are in the process of being transmitted between MFIs. Items include credit transfers that have been debited from customers’ accounts and other items for which the corresponding payment has not yet been made by the reporting agent;

4. (d)

   accrued interest payable on deposits

   In accordance with the general principle of accruals accounting, interest payable on deposits is subject to on-balance-sheet recording as it accrues, i.e. on an accruals basis, rather than when it is actually paid, i.e. on a cash basis. Accrued interest on deposits is classified on a gross basis under the category ‘remaining liabilities’. Accrued interest is excluded from the deposit to which it relates and should be reported as a separate ‘of which’ item;

5. (e)

   accrued interest on debt securities issued

6. (f)

   dividends to be paid;

   amounts payable not related to the main MFI business, e.g. amounts due to suppliers, tax, wages, social contributions;

7. (g)

   provisions representing liabilities against third parties, e.g. pensions and dividends;

8. (h)

   margin payments made under derivative contracts

   Margin payments (margins) made under derivatives contracts are normally classified as ‘deposit liabilities’ (see category 9). The complexities of current market practice may make it difficult to identify those margins that are truly repayable, because different types of margin are placed indistinguishably within the same account, or those margins that provide the MFI with resources for on-lending. In these cases, it is acceptable to classify these margins under ‘remaining liabilities’ or as ‘deposit liabilities’, according to national practice;

9. (i)

   net amounts payable in respect of future settlements of transactions in securities or foreign exchange operations

‘Remaining liabilities’ may exclude almost all financial instruments that take the form of financial liabilities (included within the other balance sheet items), financial instruments that do not take the form of financial liabilities such as guarantees, commitments, administered and trust loans (recorded off-balance sheet), and non-financial liabilities such as capital items on the liabilities side (included within ‘capital and reserves’).