{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2014-1321/annex-III/appendix-I",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2014-1321/annex-III/appendix-I.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2014/1321",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks (Recast) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2014-1321",
  "path": "annex/III/appendix/I",
  "kind": "appendix",
  "number": "I",
  "heading": "Basic Knowledge Requirements",
  "text": "1.\nKnowledge levels for category A, B1, B2, B2L, B3 and C aircraft maintenance licences\nBasic knowledge for categories A, B1, B2, B2L and B3 is indicated by knowledge levels (1, 2 or 3) of each applicable subject. Category C applicants shall meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels.\nThe knowledge level indicators are defined on 3 levels as follows:\nLEVEL 1: A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject.\nObjectives:\n(a)The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.\n(b)The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples.\n(c)The applicant should be able to use typical terms.\nLEVEL 2: A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge.\nObjectives:\n(a)The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject.\n(b)The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples.\n(c)The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject.\n(d)The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject.\n(e)The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.\nLEVEL 3: A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and a capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner.\nObjectives:\n(a)The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects.\n(b)The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples.\n(c)The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject.\n(d)The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject.\n(e)The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions.\n(f)The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate.\n2.\nModularisation\nQualification on basic subjects for each aircraft maintenance licence category or subcategory shall be in accordance with the following matrix, where applicable subjects are indicated by an ‘ X ’ :\nFor categories A, B1 and B3:\nSubject module\nA or B1 aeroplane with:\nA or B1 helicopter with:\nB3\nTurbine engine(s)\nPiston engine(s)\nTurbine engine(s)\nPiston engine(s)\nPiston engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below\n1\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n2\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n3\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n4\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n5\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n6\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n7A\nX\nX\nX\nX\n7B\nX\n8\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n9A\nX\nX\nX\nX\n9B\nX\n10\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\n11A\nX\n11B\nX\n11C\nX\n12\nX\nX\n13\n14\n15\nX\nX\n16\nX\nX\nX\n17A\nX\nX\n17B\nX\nFor categories B2 and B2L:\nSubject module/submodules\nB2\nB2L\n1\nX\nX\n2\nX\nX\n3\nX\nX\n4\nX\nX\n5\nX\nX\n6\nX\nX\n7A\nX\nX\n7B\n8\nX\nX\n9A\nX\nX\n9B\n10\nX\nX\n11A\n11B\n11C\n12\n13.1 and 13.2\nX\nX\n13.3(a)\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Autoflight ’ )\n13.3(b)\nX\n13.4(a)\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Com/Nav ’ )\n13.4(b)\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Surveillance ’ )\n13.4(c)\nX\n13.5\nX\nX\n13.6\nX\n13.7\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Autoflight ’ )\n13.8\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Instruments ’ )\n13.9\nX\nX\n13.10\nX\n13.11 to 13.18\nX\nX (for system rating ‘ Airframe systems ’ )\n13.19 to 13.22\nX\n14\nX\nX (for system ratings ‘ Instruments ’ and ‘ Airframe systems ’ )\n15\n16\n17A\n17B\nMODULE 1.\nMATHEMATICS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n1.1\nArithmetic\n1\n2\n2\n2\nArithmetical terms and signs, methods of multiplication and division, fractions and decimals, factors and multiples, weights, measures and conversion factors, ratio and proportion, averages and percentages, areas and volumes, squares, cubes, square and cube roots.\n1.2\nAlgebra\n(a)\nEvaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions;\n1\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nLinear equations and their solutions;\nIndices and powers, negative and fractional indices;\nBinary and other applicable numbering systems;\nSimultaneous equations and second degree equations with one unknown;\nLogarithms.\n—\n1\n1\n1\n1.3\nGeometry\n(a)\nSimple geometrical constructions;\n—\n1\n1\n1\n(b)\nGraphical representation; nature and uses of graphs, graphs of equations/functions;\n2\n2\n2\n2\n(c)\nSimple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.\n—\n2\n2\n2\nMODULE 2.\nPHYSICS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n2.1\nMatter\n1\n1\n1\n1\nNature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;\nChemical compounds;\nStates: solid, liquid and gaseous;\nChanges between states.\n2.2\nMechanics\n2.2.1\nStatics\n1\n2\n1\n1\nForces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;\nCentre of gravity;\nElements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;\nNature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;\nPressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).\n2.2.2\nKinetics\n1\n2\n1\n1\nLinear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity);\nRotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);\nPeriodic motion: pendular movement;\nSimple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;\nVelocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency.\n2.2.3\nDynamics\n(a)\nMass;\nForce, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency;\n1\n2\n1\n1\n(b)\nMomentum, conservation of momentum;\nImpulse;\nGyroscopic principles;\nFriction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).\n1\n2\n2\n1\n2.2.4\nFluid dynamics\n(a)\nSpecific gravity and density;\n2\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nViscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;\nEffects of compressibility on fluids;\nStatic, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem, venturi.\n1\n2\n1\n1\n2.3\nThermodynamics\n(a)\nTemperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Heat definition;\n2\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nHeat capacity, specific heat;\nHeat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;\nVolumetric expansion;\nFirst and second law of thermodynamics;\nGases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;\nIsothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;\nLatent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion.\n—\n2\n2\n1\n2.4\nOptics (Light)\n—\n2\n2\n—\nNature of light; speed of light;\nLaws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses;\nFibre optics.\n2.5\nWave Motion and Sound\n—\n2\n2\n—\nWave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference phenomena, standing waves;\nSound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler effect.\nMODULE 3.\nELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n3.1\nElectron Theory\n1\n1\n1\n1\nStructure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;\nMolecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.\n3.2\nStatic Electricity and Conduction\n1\n2\n2\n1\nStatic electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;\nElectrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion;\nUnits of charge, Coulomb's Law;\nConduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum.\n3.3\nElectrical Terminology\n1\n2\n2\n1\nThe following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.\n3.4\nGeneration of Electricity\n1\n1\n1\n1\nProduction of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.\n3.5\nDC Sources of Electricity\n1\n2\n2\n2\nConstruction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;\nCells connected in series and parallel;\nInternal resistance and its effect on a battery;\nConstruction, materials and operation of thermocouples;\nOperation of photo-cells.\n3.6\nDC Circuits\n—\n2\n2\n1\nOhms Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws;\nCalculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current;\nSignificance of the internal resistance of a supply.\n3.7\nResistance/Resistor\n(a)\nResistance and affecting factors;\nSpecific resistance;\nResistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;\nResistors in series and parallel;\nCalculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel combinations;\nOperation and use of potentiometers and rheostats;\nOperation of Wheatstone Bridge;\n—\n2\n2\n1\n(b)\nPositive and negative temperature coefficient conductance;\nFixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;\nVariable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors;\nConstruction of potentiometers and rheostats;\nConstruction of Wheatstone Bridge.\n—\n1\n1\n—\n3.8\nPower\n—\n2\n2\n1\nPower, work and energy (kinetic and potential);\nDissipation of power by a resistor;\nPower formula;\nCalculations involving power, work and energy.\n3.9\nCapacitance/Capacitor\n—\n2\n2\n1\nOperation and function of a capacitor;\nFactors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;\nCapacitor types, construction and function;\nCapacitor colour coding;\nCalculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;\nExponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;\nTesting of capacitors.\n3.10\nMagnetism\n(a)\nTheory of magnetism;\nProperties of a magnet;\nAction of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field;\nMagnetisation and demagnetisation;\nMagnetic shielding;\nVarious types of magnetic material;\nElectromagnets construction and principles of operation;\nHand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor;\n—\n2\n2\n1\n(b)\nMagnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;\nPrecautions for care and storage of magnets.\n—\n2\n2\n1\n3.11\nInductance/Inductor\n—\n2\n2\n1\nFaraday's Law;\nAction of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;\nInduction principles;\nEffects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns;\nMutual induction;\nThe effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage;\nFactors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;\nLenz's Law and polarity determining rules;\nBack emf, self induction;\nSaturation point;\nPrinciple uses of inductors.\n3.12\nDC Motor/Generator Theory\n—\n2\n2\n1\nBasic motor and generator theory;\nConstruction and purpose of components in DC generator;\nOperation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;\nOperation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;\nSeries wound, shunt wound and compound motors;\nStarter Generator construction.\n3.13\nAC Theory\n1\n2\n2\n1\nSinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;\nInstantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power;\nTriangular/Square waves;\nSingle/3 phase principles.\n3.14\nResistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits\n—\n2\n2\n1\nPhase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel;\nPower dissipation in L, C and R circuits;\nImpedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;\nTrue power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.\n3.15\nTransformers\n—\n2\n2\n1\nTransformer construction principles and operation;\nTransformer losses and methods for overcoming them;\nTransformer action under load and no-load conditions;\nPower transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;\nCalculation of line and phase voltages and currents;\nCalculation of power in a three phase system;\nPrimary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;\nAuto transformers.\n3.16\nFilters\n—\n1\n1\n—\nOperation, application and uses of the following filters: low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop.\n3.17\nAC Generators\n—\n2\n2\n1\nRotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;\nOperation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;\nSingle phase, two phase and three phase alternators;\nThree phase star and delta connections advantages and uses;\nPermanent Magnet Generators.\n3.18\nAC Motors\n—\n2\n2\n1\nConstruction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;\nMethods of speed control and direction of rotation;\nMethods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.\nMODULE 4.\nELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n4.1\nSemiconductors\n4.1.1\nDiodes\n(a)\nDiode symbols;\nDiode characteristics and properties;\nDiodes in series and parallel;\nMain characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;\nFunctional testing of diodes.\n—\n2\n2\n1\n(b)\nMaterials, electron configuration, electrical properties;\nP and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;\nPN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;\nDiode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;\nOperation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;\nDetailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, Zener diode.\n—\n—\n2\n—\n4.1.2\nTransistors\n(a)\nTransistor symbols;\nComponent description and orientation;\nTransistor characteristics and properties.\n—\n1\n2\n1\n(b)\nConstruction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;\nBase, collector and emitter configurations;\nTesting of transistors;\nBasic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses;\nApplication of transistors: classes of amplifier (A, B, C);\nSimple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;\nMultistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.\n—\n—\n2\n—\n4.1.3\nIntegrated Circuits\n(a)\nDescription and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers;\n—\n1\n—\n1\n(b)\nDescription and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;\nIntroduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;\nOperation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;\nAdvantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.\n—\n—\n2\n—\n4.2\nPrinted Circuit Boards\n—\n1\n2\n—\nDescription and use of printed circuit boards.\n4.3\nServomechanisms\n(a)\nUnderstanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;\nPrinciples of operation and use of the following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters;\n—\n1\n—\n—\n(b)\nUnderstanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, deadband;\nConstruction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;\nServomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.\n—\n—\n2\n—\nMODULE 5.\nDIGITAL TECHNIQUES/ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1-1B1-3\nB1-2B1-4\nB2 B2L\nB3\n5.1\nElectronic Instrument Systems\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\nTypical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems.\n5.2\nNumbering Systems\n—\n1\n—\n2\n—\nNumbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;\nDemonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.\n5.3\nData Conversion\n—\n1\n—\n2\n—\nAnalogue Data, Digital Data;\nOperation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types.\n5.4\nData Buses\n—\n2\n—\n2\n—\nOperation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications.\nAircraft Network/Ethernet.\n5.5\nLogic Circuits\n(a)\nIdentification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits;\nApplications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.\n—\n2\n—\n2\n—\n(b)\nInterpretation of logic diagrams.\n—\n—\n—\n2\n—\n5.6\nBasic Computer Structure\n(a)\nComputer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hardware, CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM);\nComputer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).\n1\n2\n—\n—\n—\n(b)\nComputer related terminology;\nOperation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems;\nInformation contained in single and multiaddress instruction words;\nMemory associated terms;\nOperation of typical memory devices;\nOperation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.\n—\n—\n—\n2\n—\n5.7\nMicroprocessors\n—\n—\n—\n2\n—\nFunctions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;\nBasic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.\n5.8\nIntegrated Circuits\n—\n—\n—\n2\n—\nOperation and use of encoders and decoders;\nFunction of encoder types;\nUses of medium, large and very large scale integration.\n5.9\nMultiplexing\n—\n—\n—\n2\n—\nOperation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers.\n5.10\nFibre Optics\n—\n1\n1\n2\n—\nAdvantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation;\nFibre optic data bus;\nFibre optic related terms;\nTerminations;\nCouplers, control terminals, remote terminals;\nApplication of fibre optics in aircraft systems.\n5.11\nElectronic Displays\n—\n2\n1\n2\n—\nPrinciples of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including Cathode Ray Tubes, Light Emitting Diodes and Liquid Crystal Display.\n5.12\nElectrostatic Sensitive Devices\n1\n2\n2\n2\n—\nSpecial handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges;\nAwareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices.\n5.13\nSoftware Management Control\n—\n2\n1\n2\n—\nAwareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.\n5.14\nElectromagnetic Environment\n—\n2\n2\n2\n—\nInfluence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:\nEMC-Electromagnetic Compatibility\nEMI-Electromagnetic Interference\nHIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field\nLightning/lightning protection.\n5.15\nTypical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems\n—\n2\n2\n2\n—\nGeneral arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) such as:\n(a)For B1 and B2 only:\nACARS-ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System\nEICAS-Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System\nFBW-Fly-by-Wire\nFMS-Flight Management System\nIRS-Inertial Reference System;\n(b)For B1, B2 and B3:\nECAM-Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring\nEFIS-Electronic Flight Instrument System\nGPS-Global Positioning System\nTCAS-Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System\nIntegrated Modular Avionics\nCabin Systems\nInformation Systems.\nMODULE 6.\nMATERIALS AND HARDWARE\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n6.1\nAircraft Materials — Ferrous\n(a)\nCharacteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft;\nHeat treatment and application of alloy steels.\n1\n2\n1\n2\n(b)\nTesting of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.\n—\n1\n1\n1\n6.2\nAircraft Materials — Non-Ferrous\n(a)\nCharacteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft;\nHeat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials;\n1\n2\n1\n2\n(b)\nTesting of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.\n—\n1\n1\n1\n6.3\nAircraft Materials — Composite and Non-Metallic\n6.3.1\nComposite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric\n(a)\nCharacteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft;\nSealant and bonding agents;\n1\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nThe detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material;\nRepair of composite and non-metallic material.\n1\n2\n—\n2\n6.3.2\nWooden structures\n1\n2\n—\n2\nConstruction methods of wooden airframe structures;\nCharacteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes;\nPreservation and maintenance of wooden structure;\nTypes of defects in wood material and wooden structures;\nThe detection of defects in wooden structure;\nRepair of wooden structure.\n6.3.3\nFabric covering\n1\n2\n—\n2\nCharacteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes;\nInspections methods for fabric;\nTypes of defects in fabric;\nRepair of fabric covering.\n6.4\nCorrosion\n(a)\nChemical fundamentals;\nFormation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress;\n1\n1\n1\n1\n(b)\nTypes of corrosion and their identification;\nCauses of corrosion;\nMaterial types, susceptibility to corrosion.\n2\n3\n2\n2\n6.5\nFasteners\n6.5.1\nScrew threads\n2\n2\n2\n2\nScrew nomenclature;\nThread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard threads used in aircraft;\nMeasuring screw threads.\n6.5.2\nBolts, studs and screws\n2\n2\n2\n2\nBolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;\nNuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;\nMachine screws: aircraft specifications;\nStuds: types and uses, insertion and removal;\nSelf tapping screws, dowels.\n6.5.3\nLocking devices\n2\n2\n2\n2\nTab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.\n6.5.4\nAircraft rivets\n1\n2\n1\n2\nTypes of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification, heat treatment.\n6.6\nPipes and Unions\n(a)\nIdentification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft;\n2\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nStandard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.\n2\n2\n1\n2\n6.7\nSprings\n—\n2\n1\n1\nTypes of springs, materials, characteristics and applications.\n6.8\nBearings\n1\n2\n2\n1\nPurpose of bearings, loads, material, construction;\nTypes of bearings and their application.\n6.9\nTransmissions\n1\n2\n2\n1\nGear types and their application;\nGear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;\nBelts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.\n6.10\nControl Cables\n1\n2\n1\n2\nTypes of cables;\nEnd fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;\nPulleys and cable system components;\nBowden cables;\nAircraft flexible control systems.\n6.11\nElectrical Cables and Connectors\n1\n2\n2\n2\nCable types, construction and characteristics;\nHigh tension and co-axial cables;\nCrimping;\nConnector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.\nMODULE 7A.\nMAINTENANCE PRACTICES\nNote: This module does not apply to category B3. Relevant subject matters for category B3 are defined in module 7B.\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\n7.1\nSafety Precautions-Aircraft and Workshop\n3\n3\n3\nAspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.\nAlso, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.\n7.2\nWorkshop Practices\n3\n3\n3\nCare of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;\nDimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship;\nCalibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.\n7.3\nTools\n3\n3\n3\nCommon hand tool types;\nCommon power tool types;\nOperation and use of precision measuring tools;\nLubrication equipment and methods.\nOperation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.\n7.4\nAvionic General Test Equipment\n—\n2\n3\nOperation, function and use of avionic general test equipment.\n7.5\nEngineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards\n1\n2\n2\nDrawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;\nIdentifying title block information;\nMicrofilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;\nSpecification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;\nAeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;\nWiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.\n7.6\nFits and Clearances\n1\n2\n1\nDrill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;\nCommon system of fits and clearances;\nSchedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;\nLimits for bow, twist and wear;\nStandard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.\n7.7\nElectrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS)\n1\n3\n3\nContinuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;\nUse of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;\nTesting of crimp joints;\nConnector pin removal and insertion;\nCo-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;\nIdentification of wire types, their inspection criteria and damage tolerance.\nWiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding;\nEWIS installations, inspection, repair, maintenance and cleanliness standards.\n7.8\nRiveting\n1\n2\n—\nRiveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;\nTools used for riveting and dimpling;\nInspection of riveted joints.\n7.9\nPipes and Hoses\n1\n2\n—\nBending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes;\nInspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;\nInstallation and clamping of pipes.\n7.10\nSprings\n1\n2\n—\nInspection and testing of springs.\n7.11\nBearings\n1\n2\n—\nTesting, cleaning and inspection of bearings;\nLubrication requirements of bearings;\nDefects in bearings and their causes.\n7.12\nTransmissions\n1\n2\n—\nInspection of gears, backlash;\nInspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;\nInspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.\n7.13\nControl Cables\n1\n2\n—\nSwaging of end fittings;\nInspection and testing of control cables;\nBowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.\n7.14\nMaterial handling\n7.14.1\nSheet Metal\n—\n2\n—\nMarking out and calculation of bend allowance;\nSheet metal working, including bending and forming;\nInspection of sheet metal work.\n7.14.2\nComposite and non-metallic\n—\n2\n—\nBonding practices;\nEnvironmental conditions;\nInspection methods.\n7.15\nWelding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding\n(a)\nSoldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.\n—\n2\n2\n(b)\nWelding and brazing methods;\nInspection of welded and brazed joints;\nBonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.\n—\n2\n—\n7.16\nAircraft Weight and Balance\n(a)\nCentre of Gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents;\n—\n2\n2\n(b)\nPreparation of aircraft for weighing;\nAircraft weighing.\n—\n2\n—\n7.17\nAircraft Handling and Storage\n2\n2\n2\nAircraft taxiing/towing and associated safety precautions;\nAircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;\nAircraft storage methods;\nRefuelling/defuelling procedures;\nDe-icing/anti-icing procedures;\nElectrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies.\nEffects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.\n7.18\nDisassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly Techniques\n(a)\nTypes of defects and visual inspection techniques;\nCorrosion removal, assessment and reprotection;\n2\n3\n3\n(b)\nGeneral repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;\nAgeing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes;\n—\n2\n—\n(c)\nNon-destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods;\n—\n2\n1\n(d)\nDisassembly and re-assembly techniques;\n2\n2\n2\n(e)\nTrouble shooting techniques.\n—\n2\n2\n7.19\nAbnormal Events\n(a)\nInspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration;\n2\n2\n2\n(b)\nInspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.\n2\n2\n—\n7.20\nMaintenance Procedures\n1\n2\n2\nMaintenance planning;\nModification procedures;\nStores procedures;\nCertification/release procedures;\nInterface with aircraft operation;\nMaintenance Inspection/Quality Control/Quality Assurance;\nAdditional maintenance procedures;\nControl of life limited components.\nMODULE 7B.\nMAINTENANCE PRACTICES\nNote: The scope of this module shall reflect the technology of aeroplanes relevant to the B3 category.\nLEVEL\nB3\n7.1\nSafety Precautions-Aircraft and Workshop\n3\nAspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.\nAlso, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents.\n7.2\nWorkshop Practices\n3\nCare of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;\nDimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship;\nCalibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.\n7.3\nTools\n3\nCommon hand tool types;\nCommon power tool types;\nOperation and use of precision measuring tools;\nLubrication equipment and methods;\nOperation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.\n7.4\nAvionic General Test Equipment\n1\nOperation, function and use of avionic general test equipment.\n7.5\nEngineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards\n2\nDrawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections;\nIdentifying title block information;\nMicrofilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;\nSpecification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America;\nAeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL;\nWiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.\n7.6\nFits and Clearances\n2\nDrill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;\nCommon system of fits and clearances;\nSchedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;\nLimits for bow, twist and wear;\nStandard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.\n7.7\nElectrical Cables and Connectors\n2\nContinuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;\nUse of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;\nTesting of crimp joints;\nConnector pin removal and insertion;\nCo-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;\nWiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom support, cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding.\n7.8\nRiveting\n2\nRiveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;\nTools used for riveting and dimpling;\nInspection of riveted joints.\n7.9\nPipes and Hoses\n2\nBending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes;\nInspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;\nInstallation and clamping of pipes.\n7.10\nSprings\n2\nInspection and testing of springs.\n7.11\nBearings\n2\nTesting, cleaning and inspection of bearings;\nLubrication requirements of bearings;\nDefects in bearings and their causes.\n7.12\nTransmissions\n2\nInspection of gears, backlash;\nInspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;\nInspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.\n7.13\nControl Cables\n2\nSwaging of end fittings;\nInspection and testing of control cables;\nBowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.\n7.14\nMaterial handling\n7.14.1\nSheet Metal\n2\nMarking out and calculation of bend allowance;\nSheet metal working, including bending and forming;\nInspection of sheet metal work.\n7.14.2\nComposite and non-metallic\n2\nBonding practices;\nEnvironmental conditions;\nInspection methods.\n7.15\nWelding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding\n(a)\nSoldering methods; inspection of soldered joints;\n2\n(b)\nWelding and brazing methods;\nInspection of welded and brazed joints;\nBonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.\n2\n7.16\nAircraft Weight and Balance\n(a)\nCentre of Gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents;\n2\n(b)\nPreparation of aircraft for weighing;\nAircraft weighing.\n2\n7.17\nAircraft Handling and Storage\n2\nAircraft taxiing/towing and associated safety precautions;\nAircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions;\nAircraft storage methods;\nRefuelling/defuelling procedures;\nDe-icing/anti-icing procedures;\nElectrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies;\nEffects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation.\n7.18\nDisassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly Techniques\n(a)\nTypes of defects and visual inspection techniques;\nCorrosion removal, assessment and reprotection;\n3\n(b)\nGeneral repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;\nAgeing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes;\n2\n(c)\nNon-destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods;\n2\n(d)\nDisassembly and re-assembly techniques;\n2\n(e)\nTrouble shooting techniques.\n2\n7.19\nAbnormal Events\n(a)\nInspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.\n2\n(b)\nInspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.\n2\n7.20\nMaintenance Procedures\n2\nMaintenance planning;\nModification procedures;\nStores procedures;\nCertification/release procedures;\nInterface with aircraft operation;\nMaintenance Inspection/Quality Control/Quality Assurance;\nAdditional maintenance procedures;\nControl of life limited components.\nMODULE 8.\nBASIC AERODYNAMICS\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n8.1\nPhysics of the Atmosphere\n1\n2\n2\n1\nInternational Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics.\n8.2\nAerodynamics\n1\n2\n2\n1\nAirflow around a body;\nBoundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;\nThe terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;\nThrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;\nGeneration of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;\nAerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.\n8.3\nTheory of Flight\n1\n2\n2\n1\nRelationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag;\nGlide ratio;\nSteady state flights, performance;\nTheory of the turn;\nInfluence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;\nLift augmentation.\n8.4\nFlight Stability and Dynamics\n1\n2\n2\n1\nLongitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive).\nMODULE 9A.\nHUMAN FACTORS\nNote: This module does not apply to category B3. Relevant subject matters for category B3 are defined in module 9B.\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\n9.1\nGeneral\n1\n2\n2\nThe need to take human factors into account;\nIncidents attributable to human factors/human error;\n‘Murphy's’ law.\n9.2\nHuman Performance and Limitations\n1\n2\n2\nVision;\nHearing;\nInformation processing;\nAttention and perception;\nMemory;\nClaustrophobia and physical access.\n9.3\nSocial Psychology\n1\n1\n1\nResponsibility: individual and group;\nMotivation and de-motivation;\nPeer pressure;\n‘Culture’ issues;\nTeam working;\nManagement, supervision and leadership.\n9.4\nFactors Affecting Performance\n2\n2\n2\nFitness/health;\nStress: domestic and work related;\nTime pressure and deadlines;\nWorkload: overload and underload;\nSleep and fatigue, shiftwork;\nAlcohol, medication, drug abuse.\n9.5\nPhysical Environment\n1\n1\n1\nNoise and fumes;\nIllumination;\nClimate and temperature;\nMotion and vibration;\nWorking environment.\n9.6\nTasks\n1\n1\n1\nPhysical work;\nRepetitive tasks;\nVisual inspection;\nComplex systems.\n9.7\nCommunication\n2\n2\n2\nWithin and between teams;\nWork logging and recording;\nKeeping up to date, currency;\nDissemination of information.\n9.8\nHuman Error\n1\n2\n2\nError models and theories;\nTypes of error in maintenance tasks;\nImplications of errors (i.e. accidents);\nAvoiding and managing errors.\n9.9\nHazards in the Workplace\n1\n2\n2\nRecognising and avoiding hazards;\nDealing with emergencies.\nMODULE 9B.\nHUMAN FACTORS\nNote: The scope of this module shall reflect the less demanding environment of maintenance for B3 licence holders.\nLEVEL\nB3\n9.1\nGeneral\n2\nThe need to take human factors into account;\nIncidents attributable to human factors/human error;\n‘Murphy's’ law.\n9.2\nHuman Performance and Limitations\n2\nVision;\nHearing;\nInformation processing;\nAttention and perception;\nMemory;\nClaustrophobia and physical access.\n9.3\nSocial Psychology\n1\nResponsibility: individual and group;\nMotivation and de-motivation;\nPeer pressure;\n‘Culture’ issues;\nTeam working;\nManagement, supervision and leadership.\n9.4\nFactors Affecting Performance\n2\nFitness/health;\nStress: domestic and work related;\nTime pressure and deadlines;\nWorkload: overload and underload;\nSleep and fatigue, shiftwork;\nAlcohol, medication, drug abuse.\n9.5\nPhysical Environment\n1\nNoise and fumes;\nIllumination;\nClimate and temperature;\nMotion and vibration;\nWorking environment.\n9.6\nTasks\n1\nPhysical work;\nRepetitive tasks;\nVisual inspection;\nComplex systems.\n9.7\nCommunication\n2\nWithin and between teams;\nWork logging and recording;\nKeeping up to date, currency;\nDissemination of information.\n9.8\nHuman Error\n2\nError models and theories;\nTypes of error in maintenance tasks;\nImplications of errors (i.e. accidents);\nAvoiding and managing errors.\n9.9\nHazards in the Workplace\n2\nRecognising and avoiding hazards;\nDealing with emergencies.\nMODULE 10.\nAVIATION LEGISLATION\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB2 B2L\nB3\n10.1 Regulatory Framework\nRole of the International Civil Aviation Organisation;\n...\nRole of the CAA;\nRole of the Secretary of State;\nRegulations (EU) 2018/1139, Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 and Regulation (EU) No 376/2014;\nRelation between the various Annexes (Parts) of Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 and Regulation (EU) No 965/2012\n1\n1\n1\n1\n10.2 Certifying Staff — Maintenance\nDetailed understanding of Part-66.\n2\n2\n2\n2\n10.3 Approved Maintenance Organisations\nDetailed understanding of Part-145 and Part-M Subpart F.\n2\n2\n2\n2\n10.4 Air operations\nGeneral understanding of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012.\nAir Operators Certificates;\nOperator's responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance;\nAircraft Maintenance Programme;\nMEL//CDL;\nDocuments to be carried on board;\nAircraft placarding (markings).\n1\n1\n1\n1\n10.5 Certification of aircraft, parts and appliances\n(a) General\nGeneral understanding of Part 21 and CAA certification specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.\n—\n1\n1\n1\n(b) Documents\nCertificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly;\nCertificate of Registration;\nNoise Certificate;\nWeight Schedule;\nRadio Station Licence and Approval.\n—\n2\n2\n2\n10.6 Continuing airworthiness\nDetailed understanding of Part 21 provisions related to continuing airworthiness.\nDetailed understanding of Part-M.\n2\n2\n2\n2\n10.7 Applicable National and International Requirements for (if not superseded by EU requirements).\n(a) Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance checks and inspections;\nAirworthiness Directives;\nService Bulletins, manufacturers service information;\nModifications and repairs;\nMaintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.;\nOnly for A to B2 licences:\nMaster Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists;\n1\n2\n2\n2\n(b) Continuing airworthiness;\nMinimum equipment requirements — Test flights;\nOnly for B1 and B2 licences:\nETOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements;\nAll Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations.\n—\n1\n1\n1\nMODULE 11A.\nTURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS\nLEVEL\nA1\nB1.1\n11.1\nTheory of Flight\n11.1.1.\nAeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls\n1\n2\nOperation and effect of:\nroll control: ailerons and spoilers,\npitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards,\nyaw control, rudder limiters;\n—\n—\nControl using elevons, ruddervators;\nHigh lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;\nDrag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;\nEffects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;\nBoundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;\nOperation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.\n11.1.2.\nHigh Speed Flight\n1\n2\nSpeed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight;\nMach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;\nFactors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;\nEffects of sweepback on critical Mach number.\n11.2\nAirframe Structures — General Concepts\n(a)\nAirworthiness requirements for structural strength;\nStructural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;\nFail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;\nZonal and station identification systems;\nStress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;\nDrains and ventilation provisions;\nSystem installation provisions;\nLightning strike protection provision;\nAircraft bonding.\n2\n2\n(b)\nConstruction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;\nStructure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;\nMethods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;\nSurface cleaning;\nAirframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.\n1\n2\n11.3\nAirframe Structures — Aeroplanes\n11.3.1\nFuselage (ATA 52/53/56)\n1\n2\nConstruction and pressurisation sealing;\nWing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments;\nSeat installation and cargo loading system;\nDoors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;\nWindows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.\n11.3.2\nWings (ATA 57)\n1\n2\nConstruction;\nFuel storage;\nLanding gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.\n11.3.3\nStabilisers (ATA 55)\n1\n2\nConstruction;\nControl surface attachment.\n11.3.4\nFlight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)\n1\n2\nConstruction and attachment;\nBalancing — mass and aerodynamic.\n11.3.5\nNacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)\n1\n2\nNacelles/Pylons:\nConstruction,\nFirewalls,\nEngine mounts.\n—\n—\n11.4\nAir Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)\n11.4.1\nAir supply\n1\n2\nSources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart.\n11.4.2\nAir Conditioning\n1\n3\nAir conditioning systems;\nAir cycle and vapour cycle machines;\nDistribution systems;\nFlow, temperature and humidity control system.\n11.4.3\nPressurisation\n1\n3\nPressurisation systems;\nControl and indication including control and safety valves;\nCabin pressure controllers.\n11.4.4\nSafety and warning devices\n1\n3\nProtection and warning devices.\n11.5\nInstruments/Avionic Systems\n11.5.1\nInstrument Systems (ATA 31)\n1\n2\nPitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;\nGyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;\nCompasses: direct reading, remote reading;\nAngle of attack indication, stall warning systems;\nGlass cockpit;\nOther aircraft system indication.\n11.5.2\nAvionic Systems\n1\n1\nFundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:\nAuto Flight (ATA 22),\nCommunications (ATA 23),\nNavigation Systems (ATA 34).\n—\n—\n11.6\nElectrical Power (ATA 24)\n1\n3\nBatteries Installation and Operation;\nDC power generation;\nAC power generation;\nEmergency power generation;\nVoltage regulation;\nPower distribution;\nInverters, transformers, rectifiers;\nCircuit protection;\nExternal/Ground power.\n11.7\nEquipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)\n(a)\nEmergency equipment requirements;\nSeats, harnesses and belts.\n2\n2\n(b)\nCabin lay-out;\nEquipment lay-out;\nCabin Furnishing installation;\nCabin entertainment equipment;\nGalley installation;\nCargo handling and retention equipment;\nAirstairs.\n1\n1\n11.8\nFire Protection (ATA 26)\n1\n3\n(a)\nFire and smoke detection and warning systems;\nFire extinguishing systems;\nSystem tests;\n(b)\nPortable fire extinguisher.\n1\n2\n11.9\nFlight Controls (ATA 27)\n1\n3\nPrimary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;\nTrim control;\nActive load control;\nHigh lift devices;\nLift dump, speed brakes;\nSystem operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire;\nArtificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust lock systems;\nBalancing and rigging;\nStall protection/warning system.\n11.10\nFuel Systems (ATA 28)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nFuel tanks;\nSupply systems;\nDumping, venting and draining;\nCross-feed and transfer;\nIndications and warnings;\nRefuelling and defuelling;\nLongitudinal balance fuel systems.\n11.11\nHydraulic Power (ATA 29)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nHydraulic fluids;\nHydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;\nPressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;\nEmergency pressure generation;\nFilters;\nPressure Control;\nPower distribution;\nIndication and warning systems;\nInterface with other systems.\n11.12\nIce and Rain Protection (ATA 30)\n1\n3\nIce formation, classification and detection;\nAnti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;\nDe-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;\nRain repellent;\nProbe and drain heating;\nWiper systems.\n11.13\nLanding Gear (ATA 32)\n2\n3\nConstruction, shock absorbing;\nExtension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;\nIndications and warning;\nWheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;\nTyres;\nSteering;\nAir-ground sensing.\n11.14\nLights (ATA 33)\n2\n3\nExternal: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice;\nInternal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;\nEmergency.\n11.15\nOxygen (ATA 35)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out: cockpit, cabin;\nSources, storage, charging and distribution;\nSupply regulation;\nIndications and warnings.\n11.16\nPneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nSources: engine/APU (Auxiliary Power Unit), compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;\nPressure and vacuum pumps;\nPressure control;\nDistribution;\nIndications and warnings;\nInterfaces with other systems.\n11.17\nWater/Waste (ATA 38)\n2\n3\nWater system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;\nToilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;\nCorrosion aspects.\n11.18\nOn Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)\n1\n2\nCentral maintenance computers;\nData loading system;\nElectronic library system;\nPrinting;\nStructure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).\n11.19\nIntegrated Modular Avionics (ATA42)\n1\n2\nFunctions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:\nBleed Management, Air Pressure Control, Air Ventilation and Control, Avionics and Cockpit Ventilation Control, Temperature Control, Air Traffic Communication, Avionics Communication Router, Electrical Load Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring, Electrical System BITE, Fuel Management, Braking Control, Steering Control, Landing Gear Extension and Retraction, Tyre Pressure Indication, Oleo Pressure Indication, Brake Temperature Monitoring, etc.\nCore System; Network Components.\n11.20\nCabin Systems (ATA44)\n1\n2\nThe units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System (CIDS)) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service (CNS)). They include voice, data, music and video transmissions.\nCIDS provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange between the different related Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels (FAPs).\nCNS typically consists of a server, interfacing with, among others, the following systems:\nData/Radio Communication;\nCabin Core System (CCS);\nIn-flight Entertainment System (IFES);\nExternal Communication System (ECS);\nCabin Mass Memory System (CMMS);\nCabin Monitoring System (CMS);\nMiscellaneous Cabin Systems (MCSs).\n—\n—\nCNS may host functions such as:\naccess to pre-departure/departure reports;\ne-mail/intranet/internet access; passenger database.\n—\n—\nCabin Core System;\nIn-flight Entertainment System;\nExternal Communication System;\nCabin Mass Memory System;\nCabin Monitoring System;\nMiscellaneous Cabin System.\n11.21\nInformation Systems (ATA46)\n1\n2\nThe units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.\nTypical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems\nAircraft General Information System;\nFlight Deck Information System;\nMaintenance Information System;\nPassenger Cabin Information System;\nMiscellaneous Information System.\nMODULE 11B.\nPISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS\nNote 1: This module does not apply to category B3. Relevant subject matters for category B3 are defined in module 11C.\nNote 2: The scope of this Module shall reflect the technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the A2 and B1.2 subcategory.\nLEVEL\nA2\nB1.2\n11.1\nTheory of Flight\n11.1.1.\nAeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls\n1\n2\nOperation and effect of:\nroll control: ailerons and spoilers,\npitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards,\nyaw control, rudder limiters;\n—\n—\nControl using elevons, ruddervators;\nHigh lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;\nDrag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;\nEffects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;\nBoundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;\nOperation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.\n11.1.2.\nHigh Speed Flight — N/A\n—\n—\n11.2\nAirframe Structures — General Concepts\n(a)\nAirworthiness requirements for structural strength;\nStructural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;\nFail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;\nZonal and station identification systems;\nStress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;\nDrains and ventilation provisions;\nSystem installation provisions;\nLightning strike protection provision;\nAircraft bonding.\n2\n2\n(b)\nConstruction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;\nStructure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;\nMethods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;\nSurface cleaning;\nAirframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.\n1\n2\n11.3\nAirframe Structures — Aeroplanes\n11.3.1\nFuselage (ATA 52/53/56)\n1\n2\nConstruction and pressurisation sealing;\nWing, tail-plane, pylon and undercarriage attachments;\nSeat installation;\nDoors and emergency exits: construction and operation;\nWindows and windscreen attachment.\n11.3.2\nWings (ATA 57)\n1\n2\nConstruction;\nFuel storage;\nLanding gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.\n11.3.3\nStabilisers (ATA 55)\n1\n2\nConstruction;\nControl surface attachment.\n11.3.4\nFlight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)\n1\n2\nConstruction and attachment;\nBalancing — mass and aerodynamic.\n11.3.5\nNacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)\n1\n2\nNacelles/Pylons:\nConstruction,\nFirewalls,\nEngine mounts.\n—\n—\n11.4\nAir Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)\n1\n3\nPressurisation and air conditioning systems;\nCabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices;\nHeating systems.\n11.5\nInstruments/Avionic Systems\n11.5.1\nInstrument Systems (ATA 31)\n1\n2\nPitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;\nGyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;\nCompasses: direct reading, remote reading;\nAngle of attack indication, stall warning systems;\nGlass cockpit;\nOther aircraft system indication.\n11.5.2\nAvionic Systems\n1\n1\nFundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:\nAuto Flight (ATA 22),\nCommunications (ATA 23),\nNavigation Systems (ATA 34).\n—\n—\n11.6\nElectrical Power (ATA 24)\n1\n3\nBatteries Installation and Operation;\nDC power generation;\nVoltage regulation;\nPower distribution;\nCircuit protection;\nInverters, transformers.\n11.7\nEquipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)\n(a)\nEmergency equipment requirements;\nSeats, harnesses and belts;\n2\n2\n(b)\nCabin lay-out;\nEquipment lay-out;\nCabin Furnishing installation;\nCabin entertainment equipment;\nGalley installation;\nCargo handling and retention equipment;\nAirstairs.\n1\n1\n11.8\nFire Protection (ATA 26)\n(a)\nFire and smoke detection and warning systems;\nFire extinguishing systems;\nSystem tests;\n1\n3\n(b)\nPortable fire extinguisher.\n1\n2\n11.9\nFlight Controls (ATA 27)\n1\n3\nPrimary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder;\nTrim tabs;\nHigh lift devices;\nSystem operation: manual;\nGust locks;\nBalancing and rigging;\nStall warning system.\n11.10\nFuel Systems (ATA 28)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nFuel tanks;\nSupply systems;\nCross-feed and transfer;\nIndications and warnings;\nRefuelling and defuelling.\n11.11\nHydraulic Power (ATA 29)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nHydraulic fluids;\nHydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;\nPressure generation: electric, mechanical;\nFilters;\nPressure Control;\nPower distribution;\nIndication and warning systems.\n11.12\nIce and Rain Protection (ATA 30)\n1\n3\nIce formation, classification and detection;\nDe-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;\nProbe and drain heating;\nWiper systems.\n11.13\nLanding Gear (ATA 32)\n2\n3\nConstruction, shock absorbing;\nExtension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;\nIndications and warning;\nWheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;\nTyres;\nSteering;\nAir-ground sensing.\n11.14\nLights (ATA 33)\n2\n3\nExternal: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice;\nInternal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;\nEmergency.\n11.15\nOxygen (ATA 35)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out: cockpit, cabin;\nSources, storage, charging and distribution;\nSupply regulation;\nIndications and warnings.\n11.16\nPneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nSources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;\nPressure and vacuum pumps;\nPressure control;\nDistribution;\nIndications and warnings;\nInterfaces with other systems.\n11.17\nWater/Waste (ATA 38)\n2\n3\nWater system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;\nToilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;\nCorrosion aspects.\nMODULE 11C.\nPISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS\nNote: The scope of this module shall reflect the technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the B3 category.\nLEVEL\nB3\n11.1\nTheory of Flight\nAeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls\n1\nOperation and effect of:\nroll control: ailerons,\npitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards,\nyaw control, rudder limiters;\n—\nControl using elevons, ruddervators;\nHigh lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;\nDrag inducing devices, lift dumpers, speed brakes;\nEffects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;\nBoundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;\nOperation and effect of trim tabs, balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.\n11.2\nAirframe Structures — General Concepts\n(a)\nAirworthiness requirements for structural strength;\nStructural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;\nFail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;\nZonal and station identification systems;\nStress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;\nDrains and ventilation provisions;\nSystem installation provisions;\nLightning strike protection provision;\nAircraft bonding;\n2\n(b)\nConstruction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;\nStructure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;\nMethods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;\nSurface cleaning;\nAirframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.\n2\n11.3\nAirframe Structures — Aeroplanes\n11.3.1\nFuselage (ATA 52/53/56)\n1\nConstruction;\nWing, tail-plane, pylon and undercarriage attachments;\nSeat installation;\nDoors and emergency exits: construction and operation;\nWindow and windscreen attachment.\n11.3.2\nWings (ATA 57)\n1\nConstruction;\nFuel storage;\nLanding gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.\n11.3.3\nStabilisers (ATA 55)\n1\nConstruction;\nControl surface attachment.\n11.3.4\nFlight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)\n1\nConstruction and attachment;\nBalancing — mass and aerodynamic.\n11.3.5\nNacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)\nNacelles/Pylons:\nConstruction,\nFirewalls,\nEngine mounts.\n1\n11.4\nAir Conditioning (ATA 21)\nHeating and ventilation systems.\n1\n11.5\nInstruments/Avionic Systems\n11.5.1\nInstrument Systems (ATA 31)\n1\nPitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;\nGyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;\nCompasses: direct reading, remote reading;\nAngle of attack indication, stall warning systems;\nGlass cockpit;\nOther aircraft system indication.\n11.5.2\nAvionic Systems\n1\nFundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:\nAuto Flight (ATA 22),\nCommunications (ATA 23),\nNavigation Systems (ATA 34).\n—\n11.6\nElectrical Power (ATA 24)\n2\nBatteries Installation and Operation;\nDC power generation;\nVoltage regulation;\nPower distribution;\nCircuit protection;\nInverters, transformers.\n11.7\nEquipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)\n2\nEmergency equipment requirements;\nSeats, harnesses and belts.\n11.8\nFire Protection (ATA 26)\n2\nPortable fire extinguisher.\n11.9\nFlight Controls (ATA 27)\n3\nPrimary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder;\nTrim tabs;\nHigh lift devices;\nSystem operation: manual;\nGust locks;\nBalancing and rigging;\nStall warning system.\n11.10\nFuel Systems (ATA 28)\n2\nSystem lay-out;\nFuel tanks;\nSupply systems;\nCross-feed and transfer;\nIndications and warnings;\nRefuelling and defuelling.\n11.11\nHydraulic Power (ATA 29)\n2\nSystem lay-out;\nHydraulic fluids;\nHydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;\nPressure generation: electric, mechanical;\nFilters;\nPressure Control;\nPower distribution;\nIndication and warning systems.\n11.12\nIce and Rain Protection (ATA 30)\n1\nIce formation, classification and detection;\nDe-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;\nProbe and drain heating;\nWiper systems.\n11.13\nLanding Gear (ATA 32)\n2\nConstruction, shock absorbing;\nExtension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;\nIndications and warning;\nWheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;\nTyres;\nSteering.\n11.14\nLights (ATA 33)\n2\nExternal: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice;\nInternal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;\nEmergency.\n11.15\nOxygen (ATA 35)\n2\nSystem lay-out: cockpit, cabin;\nSources, storage, charging and distribution;\nSupply regulation;\nIndications and warnings.\n11.16\nPneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)\n2\nSystem lay-out;\nSources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;\nPressure and vacuum pumps\nPressure control;\nDistribution;\nIndications and warnings;\nInterfaces with other systems.\nMODULE 12.\nHELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS\nLEVEL\nA3A4\nB1.3B1.4\n12.1\nTheory of Flight — Rotary Wing Aerodynamics\n1\n2\nTerminology;\nEffects of gyroscopic precession;\nTorque reaction and directional control;\nDissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;\nTranslating tendency and its correction;\nCoriolis effect and compensation;\nVortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;\nAuto-rotation;\nGround effect.\n12.2\nFlight Control Systems\n2\n3\nCyclic control;\nCollective control;\nSwashplate;\nYaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;\nMain Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;\nBlade Dampers: Function and construction;\nRotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment;\nTrim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;\nSystem operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;\nArtificial feel;\nBalancing and rigging.\n12.3\nBlade Tracking and Vibration Analysis\n1\n3\nRotor alignment;\nMain and tail rotor tracking;\nStatic and dynamic balancing;\nVibration types, vibration reduction methods;\nGround resonance.\n12.4\nTransmission\n1\n3\nGear boxes, main and tail rotors;\nClutches, free wheel units and rotor brake;\nTail rotor drive shafts, flexible couplings, bearings, vibration dampers and bearing hangers.\n12.5\nAirframe Structures\n(a)\nAirworthiness requirements for structural strength;\nStructural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;\nFail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;\nZonal and station identification systems;\nStress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;\nDrains and ventilation provisions;\nSystem installation provisions;\nLightning strike protection provision;\n2\n2\n(b)\nConstruction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection.\nPylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;\nSeat installation;\nDoors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;\nWindows and windscreen construction;\nFuel storage;\nFirewalls;\nEngine mounts;\nStructure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;\nMethods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;\nSurface cleaning.\nAirframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.\n1\n2\n12.6\nAir Conditioning (ATA 21)\n12.6.1\nAir supply\n1\n2\nSources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.\n12.6.2\nAir conditioning\n1\n3\nAir conditioning systems;\nDistribution systems;\nFlow and temperature control systems;\nProtection and warning devices.\n12.7\nInstruments/Avionic Systems\n12.7.1\nInstrument Systems (ATA 31)\n1\n2\nPitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;\nGyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;\nCompasses: direct reading, remote reading;\nVibration indicating systems — HUMS;\nGlass cockpit;\nOther aircraft system indication.\n12.7.2\nAvionic Systems\n1\n1\nFundamentals of system layouts and operation of:\nAuto Flight (ATA 22);\nCommunications (ATA 23);\nNavigation Systems (ATA 34).\n12.8\nElectrical Power (ATA 24)\n1\n3\nBatteries Installation and Operation;\nDC power generation, AC power generation;\nEmergency power generation;\nVoltage regulation, Circuit protection.\nPower distribution;\nInverters, transformers, rectifiers;\nExternal/Ground power.\n12.9\nEquipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)\n(a)\nEmergency equipment requirements;\nSeats, harnesses and belts;\nLifting systems;\n2\n2\n(b)\nEmergency flotation systems;\nCabin lay-out, cargo retention;\nEquipment lay-out;\nCabin Furnishing Installation.\n1\n1\n12.10\nFire Protection (ATA 26)\n1\n3\nFire and smoke detection and warning systems;\nFire extinguishing systems;\nSystem tests.\n12.11\nFuel Systems (ATA 28)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nFuel tanks;\nSupply systems;\nDumping, venting and draining;\nCross-feed and transfer;\nIndications and warnings;\nRefuelling and defuelling.\n12.12\nHydraulic Power (ATA 29)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nHydraulic fluids;\nHydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;\nPressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;\nEmergency pressure generation;\nFilters;\nPressure Control;\nPower distribution;\nIndication and warning systems;\nInterface with other systems.\n12.13\nIce and Rain Protection (ATA 30)\n1\n3\nIce formation, classification and detection;\nAnti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;\nRain repellent and removal;\nProbe and drain heating;\nWiper system.\n12.14\nLanding Gear (ATA 32)\n2\n3\nConstruction, shock absorbing;\nExtension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;\nIndications and warning;\nWheels, Tyres, brakes;\nSteering;\nAir-ground sensing;\nSkids, floats.\n12.15\nLights (ATA 33)\n2\n3\nExternal: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;\nInternal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;\nEmergency.\n12.16\nPneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)\n1\n3\nSystem lay-out;\nSources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;\nPressure and vacuum pumps;\nPressure control;\nDistribution;\nIndications and warnings;\nInterfaces with other systems.\n12.17\nIntegrated Modular Avionics (ATA42)\n1\n2\nFunctions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among others:\nBleed Management, Air Pressure Control, Air Ventilation and Control, Avionics and Cockpit Ventilation Control, Temperature Control, Air Traffic Communication, Avionics Communication Router, Electrical Load Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring, Electrical System BITE, Fuel Management, Braking Control, Steering Control, Landing Gear Extension and Retraction, Tyre Pressure Indication, Oleo Pressure Indication, Brake Temperature Monitoring, etc.\nCore System;\nNetwork Components.\n12.18\nOn Board Maintenance Systems (ATA45)\n1\n2\nCentral maintenance computers;\nData loading system;\nElectronic library system;\nPrinting;\nStructure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).\n12.19\nInformation Systems (ATA46)\n1\n2\nThe units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.\nTypical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server Systems.\nAircraft General Information System;\nFlight Deck Information System;\nMaintenance Information System;\nPassenger Cabin Information System;\nMiscellaneous Information System.\nMODULE 13.\nAIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS\nLEVEL\nB2 B2L\n13.1\nTheory of Flight\n(a)\nAeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls\n1\nOperation and effect of:\nroll control: ailerons and spoilers;\npitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; and\nyaw control: rudder limiters;\nControl using elevons, ruddervators;\nHigh lift devices: slots, slats, flaps;\nDrag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; and\nOperation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs and control surface bias.\n(b)\nHigh-Speed Flight\n1\nSpeed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight;\nMach number, critical Mach number.\n(c)\nRotary Wing Aerodynamics\n1\nTerminology;\nOperation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls.\n13.2\nStructures — General Concepts\nFundamentals of Structural Systems\n1\nZonal and Station Identification Systems\n2\nElectrical bonding\n2\nLightning strike protection provision.\n2\n13.3\nAutoflight (ATA 22)\n(a)\n3\nFundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and current terminology;\nCommand signal processing;\nModes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels;\nYaw dampers;\nStability Augmentation System in helicopters;\nAutomatic trim control;\nAutopilot navigation aids interface;\n(b)\n3\nAutothrottle systems;\nAutomatic landing systems: principles and categories, modes of operation, approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors and failure conditions.\n13.4\nCommunication/Navigation (ATA 23/34)\n(a)\n3\nFundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines, communication, receiver and transmitter;\nWorking principles of following systems:\nVery High Frequency (VHF) communication;\nHigh Frequency (HF) communication;\nAudio;\nEmergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs);\nCockpit Voice Recorder (CVR);\nVery High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR);\nAutomatic Direction Finding (ADF);\nInstrument Landing System (ILS);\nFlight Director Systems (FDSs), Distance Measuring Equipment (DME);\nArea navigation, RNAV systems;\nFlight Management Systems (FMSs);\nGlobal Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs);\nData Link.\n(b)\n3\nAir Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar;\nTraffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS);\nWeather avoidance radar;\nRadio altimeter;\nAutomatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (ADS-B).\n(c)\n3\nMicrowave Landing System (MLS);\nVery Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega);\nDoppler navigation;\nInertial Navigation System (INS);\nARINC (Aircraft Radio Incorporated) communication and reporting.\n13.5\nElectrical Power (ATA 24)\n3\nBatteries installation and operation;\nDirect Current (DC) power generation;\nAlternating Current (AC) power generation;\nEmergency power generation;\nVoltage regulation;\nPower distribution;\nInverters, transformers, rectifiers;\nCircuit protection;\nExternal/Ground power.\n13.6\nEquipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)\nElectronic emergency equipment requirements;\nCabin entertainment equipment.\n3\n13.7\nFlight Controls (ATA 27)\n(a)\n2\nPrimary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;\nTrim control;\nActive load control;\nHigh lift devices;\nLift dump, speed brakes;\nSystem operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic;\nArtificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks;\nStall protection systems.\n(b)\n3\nSystem operation: electrical, fly-by-wire.\n13.8\nInstruments (ATA 31)\n3\nClassification;\nAtmosphere;\nTerminology;\nPressure-measuring devices and systems;\nPitot-static systems;\nAltimeters;\nVertical-speed indicators;\nAirspeed indicators;\nMachmeters;\nAltitude-reporting/alerting systems;\nAir data computers;\nInstrument pneumatic systems;\nDirect-reading pressure and temperature gauges;\nTemperature-indicating systems;\nFuel-quantity-indicating systems;\nGyroscopic principles;\nArtificial horizons;\nSlip indicators;\nDirectional gyros;\nGround Proximity Warning Systems (GPWSs);\nCompass systems;\nFlight Data Recording Systems (FDRSs);\nElectronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFISs);\nInstrument warning systems including master warning systems and centralised warning panels;\nStall warning systems and angle of attack-indicating systems;\nVibration measurement and indication;\nGlass cockpit.\n13.9\nLights (ATA 33)\n3\nExternal: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;\nInternal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;\nEmergency.\n13.10\nOn-Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)\n3\nCentral maintenance computers;\nData-loading system;\nElectronic-library system;\nPrinting system;\nStructure-monitoring system (damage tolerance monitoring).\n13.11\nAir Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)\n13.11.1\nAir Supply\n2\nSources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;\n13.11.2\nAir Conditioning\nAir-conditioning systems;\n2\nAir cycle and vapour cycle machines;\n3\nDistribution systems;\n1\nFlow, temperature and humidity control system.\n3\n13.11.3\nPressurisation\n3\nPressurisation systems;\nControl and indication including control and safety valves;\nCabin pressure controllers.\n13.11.4\nSafety and Warning Devices\n3\nProtection and warning devices.\n13.12\nFire Protection (ATA 26)\n(a)\n3\nFire and smoke detection and warning systems;\nFire-extinguishing systems;\nSystem tests.\n(b)\n1\nPortable fire extinguisher.\n13.13\nFuel Systems (ATA 28)\nSystem layout;\n1\nFuel tanks;\n1\nSupply systems;\n1\nDumping, venting and draining;\n1\nCross feed and transfer;\n2\nIndications and warnings;\n3\nRefuelling and defuelling;\n2\nLongitudinal-balance fuel systems.\n3\n13.14\nHydraulic Power (ATA 29)\nSystem layout;\n1\nHydraulic fluids;\n1\nHydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;\n1\nPressure generation: electrical, mechanical, pneumatic;\n3\nEmergency pressure generation;\n3\nFilters;\n1\nPressure control;\n3\nPower distribution;\n1\nIndication and warning systems;\n3\nInterface with other systems.\n3\n13.15\nIce and Rain Protection (ATA 30)\nIce formation, classification and detection;\n2\nAnti-icing systems: electrical, hot-air and chemical;\n2\nDe-icing systems: electrical, hot-air, pneumatic, chemical;\n3\nRain-repellent;\n1\nProbe and drain-heating;\n3\nWiper systems.\n1\n13.16\nLanding Gear (ATA 32)\nConstruction, shock absorbing;\n1\nExtension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;\n3\nIndications and warnings;\n3\nWheels, brakes, antiskid and automatic braking systems;\n3\nTyres;\n1\nSteering;\n3\nAir-ground sensing.\n3\n13.17\nOxygen (ATA 35)\nSystem layout: cockpit, cabin;\n3\nSources, storage, charging and distribution;\n3\nSupply regulation;\n3\nIndications and warnings.\n3\n13.18\nPneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)\nSystem layout;\n2\nSources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;\n2\nPressure control;\n3\nDistribution;\n1\nIndications and warnings;\n3\nInterfaces with other systems.\n3\n13.19\nWater/Waste (ATA 38)\n2\nWater system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;\nToilet system layout, flushing and servicing.\n13.20\nIntegrated Modular Avionics (IMA) (ATA 42)\n3\nCore system;\nNetwork components.\nNote: Functions that may be typically integrated into the IMA modules are among others:\nbleed management;\nair pressure control;\nair ventilation and control;\navionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control;\nair traffic communication;\navionics communication router;\nelectrical load management;\ncircuit breaker monitoring;\nelectrical system Built-In Test Equipment (BITE);\nfuel management;\nbraking control;\nsteering control;\nlanding gear extension and retraction;\ntyre pressure indication;\noleo pressure indication;\nbrake temperature monitoring.\n13.21\nCabin Systems (ATA 44)\n3\nThe units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System (CIDS)) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service (CNS)). They include voice, data, music and video transmissions.\nCIDS provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange between the different related Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) and they are typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels (FAPs).\nCNS typically consists of a server, interfacing with, among others, the following systems:\nData/Radio Communication;\nCabin Core System (CCS);\nIn-flight Entertainment System (IFES);\nExternal Communication System (ECS);\nCabin Mass Memory System (CMMS);\nCabin Monitoring System (CMS);\nMiscellaneous Cabin Systems (MCSs).\nCNS may host functions such as:\naccess to pre-departure/departure reports;\ne-mail/intranet/internet access;\npassenger database.\n13.22\nInformation Systems (ATA 46)\n3\nThe units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. They include units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller, but they do not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general-use display.\nTypical examples include:\nAir Traffic and Information Management systems and Network Server systems.\nAircraft general information system;\nFlight deck information system;\nMaintenance information system;\nPassenger cabin information system;\nMiscellaneous information systems.\nMODULE 14.\nPROPULSION\nLEVEL\nB2 B2L\n14.1\nTurbine Engines\n(a)\nConstructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft and turbopropeller engines;\n1\n(b)\nElectronic Engine control and fuel metering systems (FADEC).\n2\n14.2\nEngine Indicating Systems\n2\nExhaust gas temperature/Interstage turbine temperature systems;\nEngine speed;\nEngine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;\nOil pressure and temperature;\nFuel pressure, temperature and flow;\nManifold pressure;\nEngine torque;\nPropeller speed.\n14.3\nStarting and Ignition Systems\n2\nOperation of engine start systems and components;\nIgnition systems and components;\nMaintenance safety requirements.\nMODULE 15.\nGAS TURBINE ENGINE\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\n15.1\nFundamentals\n1\n2\nPotential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;\nThe relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;\nConstructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.\n15.2\nEngine Performance\n—\n2\nGross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption;\nEngine efficiencies;\nBy-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;\nPressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow;\nEngine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.\n15.3\nInlet\n2\n2\nCompressor inlet ducts\nEffects of various inlet configurations;\nIce protection.\n15.4\nCompressors\n1\n2\nAxial and centrifugal types;\nConstructional features and operating principles and applications;\nFan balancing;\nOperation:\nCauses and effects of compressor stall and surge;\nMethods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;\nCompressor ratio.\n15.5\nCombustion Section\n1\n2\nConstructional features and principles of operation.\n15.6\nTurbine Section\n2\n2\nOperation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;\nBlade to disk attachment;\nNozzle guide vanes;\nCauses and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.\n15.7\nExhaust\n1\n2\nConstructional features and principles of operation;\nConvergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;\nEngine noise reduction;\nThrust reversers.\n15.8\nBearings and Seals\n—\n2\nConstructional features and principles of operation.\n15.9\nLubricants and Fuels\n1\n2\nProperties and specifications;\nFuel additives;\nSafety precautions.\n15.10\nLubrication Systems\n1\n2\nSystem operation/lay-out and components.\n15.11\nFuel Systems\n1\n2\nOperation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);\nSystems lay-out and components.\n15.12\nAir Systems\n1\n2\nOperation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.\n15.13\nStarting and Ignition Systems\n1\n2\nOperation of engine start systems and components;\nIgnition systems and components;\nMaintenance safety requirements.\n15.14\nEngine Indication Systems\n1\n2\nExhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine Temperature;\nEngine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;\nOil pressure and temperature;\nFuel pressure and flow;\nEngine speed;\nVibration measurement and indication;\nTorque;\nPower.\n15.15\nPower Augmentation Systems\n—\n1\nOperation and applications;\nWater injection, water methanol;\nAfterburner systems.\n15.16\nTurbo-prop Engines\n1\n2\nGas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled turbines;\nReduction gears;\nIntegrated engine and propeller controls;\nOverspeed safety devices.\n15.17\nTurbo-shaft Engines\n1\n2\nArrangements, drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems.\n15.18\nAuxiliary Power Units (APUs)\n1\n2\nPurpose, operation, protective systems.\n15.19\nPowerplant Installation\n1\n2\nConfiguration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.\n15.20\nFire Protection Systems\n1\n2\nOperation of detection and extinguishing systems.\n15.21\nEngine Monitoring and Ground Operation\n1\n3\nProcedures for starting and ground run-up;\nInterpretation of engine power output and parameters;\nTrend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;\nInspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer;\nCompressor washing/cleaning;\nForeign Object Damage.\n15.22\nEngine Storage and Preservation\n—\n2\nPreservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems.\nMODULE 16.\nPISTON ENGINE\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\nB3\n16.1\nFundamentals\n1\n2\n2\nMechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;\nOperating principles — 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel;\nPiston displacement and compression ratio;\nEngine configuration and firing order.\n16.2\nEngine Performance\n1\n2\n2\nPower calculation and measurement;\nFactors affecting engine power;\nMixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.\n16.3\nEngine Construction\n1\n2\n2\nCrank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;\nAccessory gearbox;\nCylinder and piston assemblies;\nConnecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;\nValve mechanisms;\nPropeller reduction gearboxes.\n16.4\nEngine Fuel Systems\n16.4.1\nCarburettors\n1\n2\n2\nTypes, construction and principles of operation;\nIcing and heating.\n16.4.2\nFuel injection systems\n1\n2\n2\nTypes, construction and principles of operation.\n16.4.3\nElectronic engine control\n1\n2\n2\nOperation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC);\nSystems lay-out and components.\n16.5\nStarting and Ignition Systems\n1\n2\n2\nStarting systems, pre-heat systems;\nMagneto types, construction and principles of operation;\nIgnition harnesses, spark plugs;\nLow and high tension systems.\n16.6\nInduction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems\n1\n2\n2\nConstruction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems;\nExhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid.\n16.7\nSupercharging/Turbocharging\n1\n2\n2\nPrinciples and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters;\nConstruction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems;\nSystem terminology;\nControl systems;\nSystem protection.\n16.8\nLubricants and Fuels\n1\n2\n2\nProperties and specifications;\nFuel additives;\nSafety precautions.\n16.9\nLubrication Systems\n1\n2\n2\nSystem operation/lay-out and components.\n16.10\nEngine Indication Systems\n1\n2\n2\nEngine speed;\nCylinder head temperature;\nCoolant temperature;\nOil pressure and temperature;\nExhaust Gas Temperature;\nFuel pressure and flow;\nManifold pressure.\n16.11\nPowerplant Installation\n1\n2\n2\nConfiguration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.\n16.12\nEngine Monitoring and Ground Operation\n1\n3\n2\nProcedures for starting and ground run-up;\nInterpretation of engine power output and parameters;\nInspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer.\n16.13\nEngine Storage and Preservation\n—\n2\n1\nPreservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems.\nMODULE 17A.\nPROPELLER\nNote: This module does not apply to category B3. Relevant subject matters for category B3 are defined in module 17B.\nLEVEL\nA\nB1\n17.1\nFundamentals\n1\n2\nBlade element theory;\nHigh/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack, rotational speed;\nPropeller slip;\nAerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;\nTorque;\nRelative airflow on blade angle of attack;\nVibration and resonance.\n17.2\nPropeller Construction\n1\n2\nConstruction methods and materials used in wooden, composite and metal propellers;\nBlade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;\nFixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;\nPropeller/spinner installation.\n17.3\nPropeller Pitch Control\n1\n2\nSpeed control and pitch change methods, mechanical and electrical/electronic;\nFeathering and reverse pitch;\nOverspeed protection.\n17.4\nPropeller Synchronising\n—\n2\nSynchronising and synchrophasing equipment.\n17.5\nPropeller Ice Protection\n1\n2\nFluid and electrical de-icing equipment.\n17.6\nPropeller Maintenance\n1\n3\nStatic and dynamic balancing;\nBlade tracking;\nAssessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;\nPropeller treatment/repair schemes;\nPropeller engine running.\n17.7\nPropeller Storage and Preservation\n1\n2\nPropeller preservation and depreservation.\nMODULE 17B.\nPROPELLER\nNote: The scope of this Module shall reflect the propeller technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the B3 category.\nLEVEL\nB3\n17.1\nFundamentals\n2\nBlade element theory;\nHigh/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack, rotational speed;\nPropeller slip;\nAerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;\nTorque;\nRelative airflow on blade angle of attack;\nVibration and resonance.\n17.2\nPropeller Construction\n2\nConstruction methods and material used in wooden, composite and metal propellers;\nBlade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly;\nFixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;\nPropeller/spinner installation.\n17.3\nPropeller Pitch Control\n2\nSpeed control and pitch change methods, mechanical and electrical/electronic;\nFeathering and reverse pitch;\nOverspeed protection.\n17.4\nPropeller Synchronising\n2\nSynchronising and synchrophasing equipment.\n17.5\nPropeller Ice Protection\n2\nFluid and electrical de-icing equipment.\n17.6\nPropeller Maintenance\n2\nStatic and dynamic balancing;\nBlade tracking;\nAssessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination;\nPropeller treatment/repair schemes;\nPropeller engine running.\n17.7\nPropeller Storage and Preservation\n2\nPropeller preservation and depreservation.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1142 of 14 August 2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 as regards the introduction of certain categories of aircraft maintenance licences, the modification of the acceptance procedure of components from external suppliers and the modification of the maintenance training organisations' privileges (Text with EEA relevance)."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Substituted by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/270 of 25 February 2020 amending Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 as regards transitional measures for organisations involved in the continuing airworthiness for general aviation and continuing airworthiness management and correcting that Regulation (Text with EEA relevance)."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3 Appendix 1, point 2, Module 10 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), regs. 1, 278(2)(a)(i) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3 Appendix 1, point 2, Module 10 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), regs. 1, 278(2)(a)(ii) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3 Appendix 1, point 2, Module 10 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), regs. 1, 278(2)(a)(iii) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Word in Annex 3 Appendix 1, point 2, Module 10 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Aviation Safety (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/645), regs. 1, 278(2)(b) (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1098, regs. 1(3), 12); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2014/1321/annex/III/appendix/I",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:47:03.190425+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}