Appendix VII F1

• Arithmetical terms and signs;

• Methods of multiplication and division;

• Fractions and decimals;

• Factors and multiples;

• Weights, measures and conversion factors;

• Ratio and proportion;

• Averages and percentages;

• Areas and volumes, squares, cubes.

• Evaluating simple algebraic expressions: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division;

• Use of brackets;

• Simple algebraic fractions.

• Simple geometrical constructions;

• Graphical representation: nature and uses of graphs.

• Nature of matter: the chemical elements;

• Chemical compounds;

• States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

• Changes between states.

• Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

• Centre of gravity;

• Tension, compression, shear and torsion;

• Nature and properties of solids, fluids and gases.

• Thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin;

• Heat definition.

• Ohm's law, Kirchoff's voltage and current laws;

• Significance of the internal resistance of a supply;

• Resistance/resistor;

• Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings;

• Resistors in series and parallel.

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics and aerostatics.

• Airflow around a body;

• Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow;

• Thrust, weight, aerodynamic resultant;

• Generation of lift and drag: angle of attack, polar curve, stall.

Effect on envelopes, wind effect, altitude and temperature effects.

• Safe working practices and precautions when working with electricity, gases (especially oxygen), oils and chemicals;

• Labelling, storage and disposal of hazardous (to safety and environment) materials;

• Remedial action in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more hazards, including knowledge of extinguishing agents.

• The need to take human factors into account;

• Incidents attributable to human factors/human error;

• Murphy's Law.

Vision, hearing, information processing, attention and perception, memory.

Responsibility, motivation, peer pressure, teamwork.

Fitness/health, stress, sleep, fatigue, alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

Working environment (climate, noise, illumination).

• Role of the European Commission, EASA and National Aviation Authorities (NAAs);

• Applicable parts of Part-M and Part-66.

• Approval of changes (repairs and modifications);

• Standard changes and standard repairs.

• Airworthiness Directives (ADs), Instructions for Continuing Airworthiness (ICA) (AMM, IPC, etc.);

• Flight Manual;

• Maintenance records.

• Timber, plywood, adhesives, preservation, power line, properties, machining;

• Covering (covering materials, adhesives and finishes, natural and synthetic covering materials and adhesives);

• Paint, assembly and repair processes;

• Recognition of damages from overstressing of wooden/metal-tube and fabric structures;

• Deterioration of wood components and coverings;

• Crack test (optical procedure, e.g., magnifying glass) of metal components. Corrosion and preventive methods. Health and fire safety protections.

• Types of wood, stability, and machining properties;

• Steel and light alloy tubes and fittings, fracture inspections of welded seams;

• Plastics (overview, understanding of the properties);

• Paints and paint removal;

• Glues, adhesives;

• Covering materials and technologies (natural and synthetic polymers).

• Overstress of wood / metal-tubing and fabric structures;

• Load transfers;

• Fatigue strength and crack testing.

• Locking of pins, screws, castellated nuts, turnbuckles;

• Thimble splice;

• Nicopress and Talurit repairs;

• Repair of coverings;

• Repair of transparencies;

• Repair exercises (plywood, stringer, handrails, skins);

• Aircraft Rigging. Calculation of control surface mass balance and range of movement of the control surfaces, measurement of operating forces;

• Performance of 100-hours/annual inspections on a wood or combination of metal-tube and fabric airframe.

• Basic principles of FRP construction;

• Resins (Epoxy, polyester, phenolic resins, vinyl ester resins);

• Reinforcement materials glass, aramide and carbon fibres, features;

• Fillers;

• Supporting cores (balsa, honeycombs, foamed plastics);

• Constructions, load transfers (solid FRP shell, sandwiches);

• Identification of damage during overstressing of components;

• Procedure for FRP projects (according to Maintenance Organisation Manual) including storage conditions for material.

• Thermosetting plastics, thermoplastic polymers, catalysts;

• Understanding properties, machining technologies, detaching, bonding, welding;

• Resins for FRP: epoxy resins, polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, phenolic resins;

• Reinforcement materials;

• From elementary fibre to filaments (release agent, finish), weaving patterns;

• Properties of individual reinforcement materials (E-glass fibre, aramide fibre, carbon fibre);

• Problem with multiple-material systems, matrix;

• Adhesion/cohesion, various behaviours of fibre materials;

• Filling materials and pigments;

• Technical requirements for filling materials;

• Property change of the resin composition through the use of E-glass, micro balloon, aerosols, cotton, minerals, metal powder, organic substances;

• Paint assembly and repair technologies;

• Support materials;

• Honeycombs (paper, FRP, metal), balsa wood, Divinycell (Contizell), development trends.

• Solid shell;

• Sandwiches;

• Assembly of aerofoils, fuselages, control surfaces.

• Behaviour of FRP components in the event of overstressing;

• Identifying delaminations, loose bonds;

• Bending vibration frequency in aerofoils;

• Load transfer;

• Frictional connection and positive locking;

• Fatigue strength and corrosion of metal parts;

• Metal bonding, surface finishing of steel and aluminium components during bonding with FRP.

• Plaster molds, mold ceramics;

• GFK molds, Gel-coat, reinforcement materials, rigidity problems;

• Metal molds;

• Male and female molds.

• Locking of pin, screws, castellated nuts, turnbuckles;

• Thimble splice;

• Nicopress and Talurit repairs;

• Repair of coverings;

• Repair of solid FRP shells;

• Mold fabrication/molding of a component (e.g. fuselage nose, landing gear fairing, wing tip and winglet);

• Repair of sandwich shell where interior and exterior layer are damaged;

• Repair of sandwich shell by pressing with a vacuum bag;

• Transparency repair (PMMA) with one- and two-component adhesive;

• Bonding of transparency with the canopy frame;

• Tempering of transparencies and other components;

• Performance of a repair on a sandwich shell (minor repair less than 20 cm);

• Aircraft Rigging. Calculation of control surface mass balance and range of movement of the control surfaces, measurement of operating forces;

• Performance of 100-hour/annual inspections on an FRP airframe.

• Metallic materials and semi-finished products, machining methods;

• Fatigue strength and crack test;

• Assembly of metal-construction components, riveted joints, adhesive joints;

• Identification of damage to overstressed components, effects of corrosion;

• Health and fire protection.

• Steel and its alloys;

• Light metals and their light alloys;

• Rivet materials;

• Plastics;

• Colours and paints;

• Metal adhesives;

• Types of corrosion;

• Covering materials and technologies (natural and synthetic).

• Overstressed metal airframes, levelling, measurement of symmetry;

• Load transfers;

• Fatigue strength and crack test;

• Identifying loose riveted joints.

• Skins;

• Frames;

• Stringers and longerons;

• Frame construction;

• Problems in multiple-material systems.

• Classifications of fits and clearances;

• Metric and imperial measuring systems;

• Oversize bolt.

• Locking of pins, screws, castellated nuts, turnbuckles;

• Thimble splice;

• Nicopress and Talurit repairs;

• Repair of coverings, surface damage, stop drilling techniques;

• Repair of transparencies;

• Cutting out sheet metals (aluminiums and light alloys, steel and alloys);

• Folding bending, edging, beating, smoothening, beading;

• Repair riveting of metal airframes according to repair instruction or drawings;

• Evaluation of rivet errors;

• Aircraft Rigging. Calculation of control surface mass balance and range of movement of the control surfaces, measurement of operating forces;

• Performance of 100-hour/annual inspections on a metal airframe.

• Cockpit controls: controls in cockpit, colour markings, knob shapes;

• Flight controls surfaces, flaps, air brakes surfaces, controls, hinges, bearings, brackets, push-pull rods, bell cranks, horns, pulleys, cables, chains, tubes, rollers, tracks, jack screws, surfaces, movements, lubrication, stabilisers, balancing of controls;

• Combination of controls: flap ailerons, flap air brakes;

• Trim systems.

• Landing gear: characteristics of landing gears and shock absorber strut, extension, brakes, drum, disks, wheel, tyre, retraction mechanism, electrical retraction, emergency;

• Wing to fuselage mounting points, empennage (fin and tail plane) to fuselage mounting points, control surface mounting points;

• Permissible maintenance measures;

• Towing: towing/lifting equipment/mechanism;

• Cabin: seats and safety harness, cabin arrangement, windshields, windows, placards, baggage compartment, cockpit controls, cabin air system, blower;

• Water ballast: water reservoirs, lines, valves, drains, vents, tests;

• Fuel system: tanks, lines, filters, vents, drains, filling, selector valve, pumps, indication, tests, bonding;

• Hydraulics: system layout, accumulators, pressure and power distribution, indication;

• Liquid and gas: hydraulic, other fluids, levels, reservoir, lines, valves, filter;

• Protections: firewalls, fire protection, lightning strike bonding, turnbuckles, locking devices, dischargers.

• Reliability of pins, rivets, screws;

• Control cables, turnbuckles;

• Quick-release couplings (L'Hotellier, SZD, Poland).

• Admissibility of locking methods, locking pins, spring steel pins, locking wire, stop nuts, paint;

• Quick-release couplings.

Weight and balance levelling

Rescue systems

• Pitot-static system, vacuum/dynamic system, hydrostatic test;

• Flight instruments: airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical-speed indicator, connection and functioning, markings;

• Arrangement and display, panel, electrical wires;

• Gyroscopes, filters, indicating instruments; testing of function;

• Magnetic compass: installation and compass swing;

• Sailplanes: acoustic vertical-speed indicator, flight recorders, anticollision aid;

• Oxygen system.

• Flight instruments, mounting requirements (emergency landing conditions as per CS-22);

• Electric wiring, power sources, types of storage batteries, electrical parameters, electric generator, circuit breaker, energy balance, earth/ground, connectors, terminals, warnings, fuses, lamps, lightings, switches, voltmeters, ampere meters, electrical gauges.

Interface between power plant and airframe.

• Inspection;

• Replacement;

• Balancing.

• Propeller position control;

• Engine and/or propeller retraction system.

• Cleaning, use of lighting and mirrors;

• Measuring tools;

• Measure of controls deflection;

• Torque of screws and bolts;

• Wear of bearings;

• Inspection equipment;

• Calibration of measuring tools.

• Explanation of the concept of ‘noise level’;

• Noise certificate;

• Enhanced sound proofing;

• Possible reduction of sound emissions.

• Four-stroke spark ignition engine, air-cooled engine, fluid-cooled engine;

• Two-stroke engine;

• Rotary-piston engine;

• Efficiency and influencing factors (pressure–volume diagram, power curve);

• Noise control devices.

• Blade, spinner, backplate, accumulator pressure, hub;

• Operation of propellers;

• Variable-pitch propellers, ground and in-flight adjustable propellers, mechanically, electrically and hydraulically;

• Balancing (static, dynamic);

• Noise problems.

• Mechanical control devices;

• Electrical control devices;

• Tank displays;

• Functions, characteristics, typical errors and error indications.

• Material and machining of fuel and oil hoses;

• Control of life limit.

• Operation of magneto ignition;

• Control of maintenance limits;

• Operation of carburettors;

• Maintenance instructions on characteristic features;

• Electric fuel pumps;

• Operation of propeller controls;

• Electrically operated propeller control;

• Hydraulically operated propeller control.

• Constructions: coil ignition, magneto ignition, and thyristor ignition;

• Efficiency of the ignition and preheat system;

• Modules of the ignition and preheat system;

• Inspection and testing of a spark plug.

• Operation and assembly;

• Silencers and heater installations;

• Nacelles and cowlings;

• Inspection and test;

• CO emission test.

• Fuel characteristics;

• Labelling, environmentally friendly storage;

• Mineral and synthetic lubricating oils and their parameters: labelling and characteristics, application;

• Environmentally friendly storage and proper disposal of used oil.

• Manufacturer documents for the engine and propeller;

• Instructions for Continuing Airworthiness (ICA);

• Aircraft Flight Manuals (AFMs) and Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMMs);

• Time Between Overhaul (TBO);

• Airworthiness Directives (ADs), technical notes and service bulletins.

• Cylinder unit with valve;

• Carburettor;

• High-tension magneto;

• Differential-compression tester for cylinders;

• Overheated/damaged pistons;

• Spark plugs of engines that were operated differently.

• Work safety/accident prevention (handling of fuels and lubricants, start-up of engines);

• Rigging-engine control rods and Bowden cables;

• Setting of no-load speed;

• Checking and setting the ignition point;

• Operational test of magnetos;

• Checking the ignition system;

• Testing and cleaning of spark plugs;

• Performance of the engine tasks contained in an aeroplane 100-hour/annual inspection;

• Cylinder compression test;

• Static test and evaluation of the engine run;

• Documentation of maintenance work including replacement of components.

• Four-stroke reciprocating engine and control units;

• Energy losses;

• Ignition timing;

• Direct flow behaviour of control units;

• Wankel engine and control units;

• Two-stroke engine and control units;

• Scavenging;

• Scavenging blower;

• Idle range and power range.

• Ignition;

• Spark plugs;

• Ignition system;

• Combustion process;

• Normal combustion;

• Efficiency and medium pressure;

• Engine knock and octane rating;

• Combustion chamber shapes;

• Fuel/air mix in the carburettor;

• Carburettor principle, carburettor equation;

• Simple carburettor;

• Problems of the simple carburettor and their solutions;

• Carburettor models;

• Fuel/air mix during injection;

• Mechanically controlled injection;

• Electronically controlled injection;

• Continuous injection;

• Carburettor-injection comparison.

• Special flight instruments (injection engine);

• Interpretation of indications in a static test;

• Interpretation of indications in flight at various flight levels.

• Documentation, manufacturer documents, etc.;

• General maintenance instructions (hourly inspections);

• Functional tests;

• Ground test run;

• Test flight;

• Troubleshooting in the event of faults in the injection system and their correction.

Work safety and safety provisions for work on injection systems.

• Carburettor;

• Components of injection system;

• Aircraft with injection engine;

• Tool for work on injection systems.

• Energy system, accumulators, installation;

• Electrical motor;

• Heat, noise and vibration checks;

• Testing windings;

• Electrical wiring and control systems;

• Pylon, extension and retraction systems;

• Motor/propeller brake systems;

• Motor ventilation systems;

• Practical experience of 100-hour/annual inspections.

• Engine installation;

• Pylon, extension and retraction systems;

• Fire protection;

• Fuel systems including lubrication;

• Engine starting systems, gas assist;

• Engine damage assessment;

• Engine servicing;

• Engine removal / refit and test;

• Practical experience of conditional / run time / annual inspections;

• Conditional inspections.

Full authority digital engine control (FADEC)

• Assembly and individual parts;

• Envelopes;

• Envelope Materials;

• Envelope Systems;

• Conventional and special shapes;

• Fuel System;

• Burner, burner frame and burner support rods;

• Compressed-gas cylinders and compressed-gas hoses;

• Basket and alternative devices (seats);

• Rigging accessories;

• Maintenance and servicing tasks;

• Annual/100-hour inspection;

• Log Books;

• Aircraft Flight Manuals (AFMs) and Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMMs);

• Rigging and launch preparation (launch restraint);

• Launch.

Operating controls, maintenance and servicing jobs (according to flight manual).

• Fabrics;

• Seams;

• Load tapes, rip stoppers;

• Crown rings;

• Parachute valve and fast-deflation systems;

• Ripping panel;

• Turning vent;

• Diaphragms/catenaries (special shapes and airships);

• Rollers, pulleys;

• Control and shroud lines;

• Knots;

• Temperature indication label, temperature flag, envelope thermometer;

• Flying wires;

• Fittings, karabiners.

• Burner coils;

• Blast, liquid and pilot valves;

• Burners/jets;

• Pilot lights/vaporisers/jets;

• Burner frame;

• Fuel lines/hoses;

• Fuel cylinders, valves and fittings.

• Types of baskets (incl. alternative devices);

• Basket materials: cane and willow, hide, wood, trim materials, suspension cables;

• Seats, roller bearings;

• Karabiner, shackle and pins;

• Burner support rods;

• Fuel cylinder straps;

• Accessories.

• Fire extinguisher, fire blanket;

• Instruments (single or combined).

• Stitching;

• Bonding;

• Basket hide/trim repairs.

• Cleaning, use of lighting and mirrors;

• Measuring tools;

• Measure of controls deflection (only airships);

• Torque of screws and bolts;

• Wear of bearings (only airships);

• Inspection equipment;

• Calibration of measuring tools;

• Fabric Grab Test.

• Assembly of individual parts;

• Envelope and netting material;

• Envelope, ripping panel, emergency opening, cords and belts;

• Rigid gas valve;

• Flexible gas valve (parachute);

• Netting;

• Load ring;

• Basket and accessories (including alternative devices);

• Electrostatic discharge paths;

• Mooring line and drag rope;

• Maintenance and servicing;

• Annual inspection;

• Flight papers;

• Aircraft Flight Manuals (AFMs) and Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMMs);

• Rigging and launch preparation;

• Launch.

• Operating controls;

• Maintenance and servicing jobs (according to AMM and AFM);

• Safety rules when using hydrogen as lifting gas.

• Fabrics;

• Poles and reinforcement of pole;

• Ripping panel and cord;

• Parachute and shroud lines;

• Valves and cords;

• Filler neck, Poeschel-ring and cords;

• Electrostatic discharge paths.

• Springs;

• Gaskets;

• Screwed joints;

• Control lines;

• Electrostatic discharge paths.

• Kinds of net and other lines;

• Mesh sizes and angles;

• Net ring;

• Knotting methods;

• Electrostatic discharge paths.

Load ring

• Kinds of baskets (incl. alternative devices);

• Strops and toggles;

• Ballast system (bags and supports);

• Electrostatic discharge paths.

Ripping cord and valve cords

Mooring line and drag rope

• Bonding;

• Splicing hemp ropes.

Instruments (single or combined).

• Kinds of cables;

• Acceptable damage of cable;

• Cable swivel;

• Cable clamps.

• Kinds of winches;

• Mechanical system;

• Electrical system;

• Emergency system;

• Grounding/ballasting of winch.

• Cleaning, use of lighting and mirrors;

• Measuring tools;

• Measure of controls deflection (only airships);

• Torque of screws and bolts;

• Wear of bearings (only airships);

• Inspection equipment;

• Calibration of measuring tools;

• Fabric grab test.

• Envelope, ballonnets;

• Valves, openings;

• Gondola;

• Propulsion;

• Aircraft Flight Manuals (AFMs) and Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMMs);

• Rigging and launch preparation.

• Operating controls;

• Maintenance and servicing jobs (according to AMM and AFM).

• Fabrics;

• Ripping panel and cords;

• Valves;

• Catenary system.

• Kinds of gondolas (incl. alternative devices);

• Airframe types and materials;

• Identification of damage.

• Basics about on-board electrical circuits;

• Electrical sources (accumulators, fixation, ventilation, corrosion);

• Lead, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) or other accumulators, dry batteries;

• Generators;

• Wiring, electrical connections;

• Fuses;

• External power source;

• Energy balance.

• Fuel system: tanks, lines, filters, vents, drains, filling, selector valve, pumps, indication, tests, bonding;

• Propulsion instruments;

• Basics about measuring and instruments;

• Revolution measuring;

• Pressure measuring;

• Temperature measuring;

• Available fuel/power measuring.

• Fire extinguisher, fire blanket;

• Instruments (single or combined).

• Channel spacing;

• Basic functional test;

• Batteries;

• Testing and maintenance requirements.

• Basic operation;

• Typical portable configuration including antenna;

• Explanation of Modes A, C, S;

• Testing and maintenance requirements.

• Handheld altimeter/variometers;

• Batteries;

• Basic functional test.