{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2016-1447/article-48",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2016-1447/article-48.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2016/1447",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1447 of 26 August 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of high voltage direct current systems and direct current-connected power park modules (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2016-1447",
  "path": "article/48",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "48",
  "heading": "Reactive power and voltage requirements",
  "text": "1. With respect to voltage ranges:\n(a) a remote-end HVDC converter station shall be capable of staying connected to the remote-end HVDC converter station network and operating within the voltage ranges (per unit) and time periods specified in Tables 12 and 13, Annex VIII. The applicable voltage range and time periods specified are selected based on the reference 1 pu voltage;\n(b) wider voltage ranges or longer minimum times for operation may be agreed between the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO, and the DC-connected power park module owner in accordance with Article 40;\n(c) for HVDC interface points at AC voltages that are not included in the scope of Table 12 and Table 13, Annex VIII, the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO shall specify applicable requirements at the connection points;\n(d) where frequencies other than nominal 50 Hz are used, subject to agreement by the relevant TSO, the voltage ranges and time periods specified by the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO, shall be proportional to those in Annex VIII.\n2. A remote-end HVDC converter station shall fulfil the following requirements referring to voltage stability, at the connection points with regard to reactive power capability:\n(a) the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO shall specify the reactive power provision capability requirements for various voltage levels. In doing so, the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO shall specify a U-Q/Pmax-profile of any shape and within the boundaries of which the remote-end HVDC converter station shall be capable of providing reactive power at its maximum HVDC active power transmission capacity;\n(b) the U-Q/Pmax-profile shall be specified by each relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO. The U-Q/Pmax-profile shall be within the range of Q/Pmax and steady-state voltage specified in Table 14, Annex VIII, and the position of the U-Q/Pmax-profile envelope shall lie within the limits of the fixed outer envelope specified in Annex IV. The relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO, shall consider the long term development of the network when determining these ranges.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/1447/article/48",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:45:35.996013+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}