{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1151/annex-IIIA/appendix-5",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1151/annex-IIIA/appendix-5.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2017/1151",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 of 1 June 2017 supplementing Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1151",
  "path": "annex/IIIA/appendix/5",
  "kind": "appendix",
  "number": "5",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "Verification of overall trip dynamics using the moving averaging window method\n1.\nIntroduction\nThe Moving Averaging Window method is used to verify the overall trip dynamics. The test is divided in sub-sections (windows) and the subsequent analysis aims at determining whether the trip is valid for RDE purposes. The ‘normality’ of the windows is conducted by comparing their CO 2 distance-specific emissions with a reference curve obtained from the vehicle CO 2 emissions measured in accordance with the WLTP procedure.\n2.\nSymbols, parameters and units\nIndex (i) refers to the time step\nIndex (j) refers to the window\nIndex (k) refers to the category (t = total, u = urban, r = rural, m- = motorway) or to the CO 2 characteristic curve (cc)\nΔ difference\n≥ larger or equal\n# number\n% per cent\n≤ smaller or equal\na 1 , b 1 coefficients of the CO 2 characteristic curve\na 2 , b 2 coefficients of the CO 2 characteristic curve\nMCO2CO 2 mass, [g]\nMCO2,jCO 2 mass in window j, [g]\nt i total time in step i, [s]\nt t duration of a test, [s]\nv i actual vehicle speed in time step i, [km/h]\nv–javerage vehicle speed in window j, [km/h]\ntol 1 H upper tolerance for the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve, [%]\ntol 1 L lower tolerance for the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve, [%]\n3.\nMoving Averaging Windows\n3.1.\nDefinition of averaging windows\nThe instantaneous emissions calculated in accordance with Appendix 4 shall be integrated using a moving averaging window method, based on the reference CO 2 mass.\nThe principle of the calculation is as follows: The RDE distance-specific CO 2 mass emissions are not calculated for the complete data set, but for sub-sets of the complete data set, the length of these sub-sets being determined so as to match always the same fraction of the CO 2 mass emitted by the vehicle over the WLTP cycle. The moving window calculations are conducted with a time increment Δt corresponding to the data sampling frequency. These sub-sets used to calculate the vehicle on-road CO 2 emissions and its average speed are referred to as ‘averaging windows’ in the following sections.\nThe calculation described in the present point shall be run from the first data point (forward).\nThe following data shall not be considered for the calculation of the CO 2 mass, the distance and the vehicle average speed in the averaging windows:\nThe periodic verification of the instruments and/or after the zero drift verifications;\nVehicle ground speed is smaller than 1 km/h.\nThe calculation shall start from when vehicle ground speed is higher than or equal to 1 km/h and include driving events during which no CO 2 is emitted and where the vehicle ground speed is higher than or equal to 1 km/h.\nThe mass emissions MCO2,j shall be determined by integrating the instantaneous emissions in g/s as specified in Appendix 4 to this Annex.\nFigure 1\nVehicle speed versus time - Vehicle averaged emissions versus time, starting from the first averaging window\nFigure 2\nDefinition of CO 2 mass based averaging windows\nThe duration ( t 2 ,j – t 1 ,j ) of the j th averaging window is determined by:\nMCO2t2,j−MCO2t1,j≥MCO2,ref\nWhere:\nMCO2ti,j is the CO 2 mass measured between the test start and time t i,j , [g];\nMCO2,ref is the half of the CO 2 mass emitted by the vehicle over the WLTP test conducted in accordance with Sub-Annex 6 to Annex XXI of this Regulation.\nDuring type approval the CO 2 reference value shall be taken from the WLTP performed during type approval testing of the individual vehicle.\nFor ISC testing purposes, the reference CO 2 mass shall be obtained from point 12 of the Transparency list 1 of Appendix 5 of Annex II with interpolation between vehicle H and vehicle L (if relevant) as defined in Sub-Annex 7 of Annex XXI, using Test mass and Road load coefficients (f0, f1 & f2) obtained from the Certificate of Conformity for the individual vehicle as defined in Annex IX. The value for OVC-HEV vehicles is to be obtained from the WLTP test conducted using the Charge Sustaining mode.\nt 2 ,j shall be selected such as:\nMCO2t2,j−Δt−MCO2t1,j<MCO2,ref≤MCO2t2,j−MCO2t1,j\nWhere Δt is the data sampling period.\nThe CO 2 masses MCO2,j in the windows are calculated by integrating the instantaneous emissions calculated as specified in Appendix 4 to this Annex.\n3.2.\nCalculation of window parameters\nThe following shall be calculated for each window determined in accordance with point 3.1.\nThe distance-specific CO 2 emissions MCO2,d,j;\nThe average vehicle speed v–j.\n4.\nEvaluation of windows\n4.1.\nIntroduction\nThe reference dynamic conditions of the test vehicle are defined from the vehicle CO 2 emissions versus average speed measured at type approval on the Type 1 test and referred to as ‘vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve’. To obtain the distance specific CO 2 emissions, the vehicle shall be tested on the WLTP cycle in accordance with Annex XXI to this Regulation.\n4.2.\nCO 2 Characteristic curve reference points\nThe distance-specific CO 2 emissions to be considered in this paragraph for the definition of the reference curve shall be obtained from point 12 of the Transparency list 1 of Appendix 5 of Annex II with interpolation between vehicle H and vehicle L (if relevant) as defined in Sub-Annex 7 of Annex XXI, using Test mass and Road load coefficients (f0, f1 & f2) obtained from the Certificate of Conformity for the individual vehicle as defined in Annex IX. The value for OVC-HEV vehicles is to be that obtained from the WLTP test conducted using the Charge Sustaining mode.\nDuring type approval, the values shall be taken from the WLTP performed during type approval testing of the individual vehicle.\nThe reference points P 1 , P 2 and P 3 required to define the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve shall be established as follows:\n4.2.1.\nPoint P 1\nvP1– = 18,882 km/h (Average Speed of the Low Speed phase of the WLTP cycle)\nMCO2,d,P1 = Vehicle CO 2 emissions over the Low Speed phase of the WLTP cycle [g/km]\n4.2.2.\nPoint P 2\nvP2– = 56,664 km/h (Average Speed of the High Speed phase of the WLTP cycle)\nMCO2,d,P2 = Vehicle CO 2 emissions over the High Speed phase of the WLTP cycle [g/km]\n4.2.3.\nPoint P 3\nvP3– = 91,997 km/h (Average Speed of the Extra High Speed phase of the WLTP cycle)\nMCO2,d,P3 = Vehicle CO 2 emissions over the Extra High Speed phase of the WLTP cycle [g/km]\n4.3.\nCO 2 Characteristic curve definition\nUsing the reference points defined in point 4.2, the characteristic curve CO 2 emissions are calculated as a function of the average speed using two linear sections ( P 1 , P 2 ) and ( P 2 , P 3 ). The section ( P 2 , P 3 ) is limited to 145 km/h on the vehicle speed axis. The characteristic curve is defined by equations as follows:\nFor the section ( P 1 , P 2 ):\nMCO2,d,CCv–=a1v–+b1\nwith : a1=MCO2,d,P2−MCO2,d,P1∕vP2–−vP1–\nand : b1=MCO2,d,P1−a1vP1–\nFor the section ( P 2 , P 3 ):\nMCO2,d,CCv–=a2v–+b2\nwith : a2=MCO2,d,P3−MCO2,d,P2∕vP3–−vP2–\nand : b2=MCO2,d,P2−a2vP2–\nFigure 3\nVehicle CO 2 characteristic curve and tolerances for ICE and NOVC-HEV vehicles\nFigure 4\nVehicle CO 2 characteristic curve and tolerances for OVC-HEV vehicles\n4.4.\nUrban, rural and motorway windows\n4.4.1.\nUrban windows\nUrban windows are characterized by average vehicle speeds v–j lower than 45 km/h.\n4.4.2.\nRural windows\nRural windows are characterized by average vehicle speeds v–j greater than or equal to 45 km/h and lower than 80 km/h.\nFor N2 category vehicles that are equipped in accordance with Regulation 36B of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 with a device limiting vehicle speed to 90 km/h, rural windows are characterized by average vehicle speeds v–j lower than 70 km/h.\n4.4.3.\nMotorway windows\nMotorway windows are characterized by average vehicle speeds v–j greater than or equal to 80 km/h and lower than 145 km/h\nFor N2 category vehicles that are equipped in accordance with Regulation 36B of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 with a device limiting vehicle speed to 90 km/h, motorway windows are characterized by average vehicle speeds v–j greater than or equal to 70 km/h and lower than 90 km/h.\nFigure 5\nVehicle CO 2 characteristic curve: urban, rural and motorway driving definitions (Illustrated for ICE and NOVC-HEV vehicles) except N2 category vehicles that are equipped in accordance with Regulation 36B of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 with a device limiting vehicle speed to 90 km/h)\nFigure 6\nVehicle CO 2 characteristic curve: urban, rural and motorway driving definitions (Illustrated for OVC-HEV vehicles) except N2 category vehicles that are equipped in accordance with Regulation 36B of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 with a device limiting vehicle speed to 90 km/h)\n4.5.\nVerification of trip validity\n4.5.1.\nTolerances around the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve\nThe upper tolerance of the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve is tol 1H = 45 % for urban driving and tol 1H = 40 % for rural and motorway driving.\nThe lower tolerance of the vehicle CO 2 characteristic curve is tol 1L = 25 % for ICE and NOVC-HEV vehicles and tol 1L = 100 % for OVC-HEV vehicles.\n4.5.2.\nVerification of test validity\nThe test is valid when it comprises at least 50 % of the urban, rural and motorway windows that are within the tolerances defined for the CO 2 characteristic curve.\nFor NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs, if the minimum requirement of 50 % between tol 1H and tol 1L is not met, the upper positive tolerance tol 1H may be increased by steps of 1 % until the 50 % target is reached. When using this mechanism, the value of tol 1H shall never exceed 50 %.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance)."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3A Appendix 5 point 4.4.2 substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 81(4)(i)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3A Appendix 5 point 4.4.3 substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 81(4)(i)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in Annex 3A Appendix 5 point 4.4.3 substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 81(4)(i)(ii)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2017/1151/annex/IIIA/appendix/5",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:44:48.753743+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}