{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1485/article-145",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1485/article-145.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2017/1485",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 of 2 August 2017 establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2017-1485",
  "path": "article/145",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "145",
  "heading": "Automatic and manual frequency restoration process",
  "text": "1. Each TSO of each LFC area shall implement an automatic frequency restoration process (‘aFRP’) and a manual frequency restoration process (‘mFRP’).\n2. By 2 years after entry into force of this regulation, the TSOs of GB synchronous area may each submit a proposal to the regulatory authority requesting not to implement an aFRP. Those proposals shall include a cost-benefit analysis demonstrating that implementation of an aFRP would lead to higher costs than benefits. In case the proposal is approved by the regulatory authority, the respective TSOs and the regulatory authority shall re-evaluate such decision at least every 4 years.\n3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n4. The aFRP shall be operated in a closed-loop manner where the FRCE is an input and the setpoint for automatic FRR activation is an output. The setpoint for automatic FRR activation shall be calculated by a single frequency restoration controller operated by a TSO within its LFC area. ...\n(a) be an automatic control device designed to reduce the FRCE to zero;\n(b) have proportional-integral behaviour;\n(c) have a control algorithm which prevents the integral term of a proportional-integral controller from accumulating the control error and overshooting; and\n(d) have functionalities for extraordinary operational modes for the alert and emergency states.\n5. The mFRP shall be operated through instructions for manual FRR activation in order to fulfil the control target in accordance with Article 143(1).\n6. In addition to the aFRP implementation in the LFC areas, all TSOs of an LFC block which consists of more than one LFC area shall have the right to appoint one TSO of the LFC block in the LFC block operational agreement to:\n(a) calculate and monitor the FRCE of the whole LFC block; and\n(b) take the FRCE of the whole LFC block into account for the calculation of the setpoint value for aFRR activation in accordance with Article 143(3) in addition to the FRCE of its LFC area.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in Art. 145(2) substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(2)(a)(i) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in Art. 145(2) substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(2)(a)(ii) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in Art. 145(2) substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(2)(b)(i) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in Art. 145(2) substituted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(2)(b)(ii) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Art. 145(3) omitted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(3) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Words in Art. 145(4) omitted (E.W.S.) (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Electricity Network Codes and Guidelines (System Operation and Connection) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/533), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 95(4) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1016, regs. 1(2), 6(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2017/1485/article/145",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:44:42.168103+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}