Appendix 5

For partial flow dilution systems residence time in the particle number sampling and measurement system shall be accounted for by time aligning the particle number signal with the test cycle and the exhaust gas mass flow rate according to the procedure in point 8.2.1.2 of Annex VI. The transformation time of the particle number sampling and measurement system shall be determined in accordance with point 2.1.3.7 of Appendix 1 of Annex VI.

Where particle numbers are sampled using a partial flow dilution system according to the specifications set out in point 9.2.3 of Annex VI, the number of particles emitted over the test cycle shall be calculated by means of equation (7-167):

N = \frac{m_{edf}}{1,293} \times k \times {\bar{c}}_{s} \times {\bar{ƒ}}_{r} \times 10^{6}

(7-167)

Where:

N

is the number of particles emitted over the test cycle, [#/test],

m_edf

is the mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, determined by means of equation (7-45) (point 2.3.1.1.2), [kg/test],

k

is the calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter. Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value of 1 shall be used for k in equation (7-167),

\bar{c_{s}}

is the average concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas corrected to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

\bar{ƒ_{r}}

is the mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the dilution settings used for the test.

with

{\bar{c}}_{s} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{i = n} c_{s,i}}{n}

(7-168)

Where:

c_s,i

is a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted exhaust gas from the particle counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

n

is the number of particle concentration measurements taken over the duration of the test.

Where particle numbers are sampled using a full flow dilution system according to the specifications set out in point 9.2.2 of Annex VI, the number of particles emitted over the test cycle shall be calculated by means of equation (7-169):

N = \frac{m_{edf}}{1,293} \times k \times {\bar{c}}_{s} \times {\bar{ƒ}}_{r} \times 10^{6}

(7-169)

Where:

N

is the number of particles emitted over the test cycle, [#/test],

m_ed

is the total diluted exhaust gas flow over the cycle calculated according to any one of the methods described in points 2.2.4.1 to 2.2.4.3, of Annex VII, kg/test,

k

is the calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter. Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value of 1 shall be used for k in equation (7-169),

\bar{c_{s}}

is the average corrected concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas corrected to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

\bar{ƒ_{r}}

is the mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the dilution settings used for the test.

with

\bar{c} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{i = n} c_{s,i}}{n}

(7-170)

Where:

c_s,i

is a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted gas exhaust from the particle counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

n

is the number of particle concentration measurements taken over the duration of the test

Where particle numbers are sampled using a partial flow dilution system according to the specifications set out in point 9.2.3 of Annex VI, the rate of emission of particles during each individual discrete-mode shall be calculated by means of equation (7-171) using the average values for the mode:

Ṅ = \frac{q_{medƒ}}{1,293} \times k \times {\bar{c}}_{s} \times {\bar{ƒ}}_{r} \times 10^{6} \times 3600

(7-171)

Where:

Ṅ

is the rate of emission of particles during the individual discrete-mode, [#/h],

q_medf

is the equivalent diluted exhaust mass flow rate on a wet basis during the individual discrete-mode, determined in accordance with equation (7-51) (point 2.3.2.1), [kg/s],

k

is the calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter. Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value of 1 shall be used for k in the equation (1-171),

\bar{c_{s}}

is the average concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas during the individual discrete-mode corrected to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

\bar{ƒ_{r}}

is the mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the dilution settings used for the test.

with

{\bar{c}}_{s} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{i = n} c_{s,i}}{n}

(7-172)

Where:

c_s,i

is a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted gas exhaust from the particle counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

n

is the number of particle concentration measurements taken during the individual discrete-mode sampling period

Where particle numbers are sampled using a full flow dilution system according to the specifications set out in point 9.2.2 of Annex VI, the rate of emission of particles during each individual discrete-mode shall be calculated by means of equation (7-173) using the average values for the mode:

Ṅ = \frac{q_{mdew}}{1,293} \times k \times {\bar{c}}_{s} \times {\bar{ƒ}}_{r} \times 10^{6} \times 3600

(7-173)

Where:

Ṅ

is the rate of emission of particles during the individual discrete-mode, [#/h],

q_mdew

is the total diluted exhaust mass flow rate on a wet basis during the individual discrete-mode, [kg/s],

k

is the calibration factor to correct the particle number counter measurements to the level of the reference instrument where this is not applied internally within the particle number counter. Where the calibration factor is applied internally within the particle number counter, a value of 1 shall be used for k in equation (7-173),

\bar{c_{s}}

is the average concentration of particles from the diluted exhaust gas during the individual discrete-mode corrected to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

\bar{ƒ_{r}}

is the mean particle concentration reduction factor of the volatile particle remover specific to the dilution settings used for the test.

with

{\bar{c}}_{s} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{i = n} c_{s,i}}{n}

(7-174)

Where:

c_s,i

is a discrete measurement of particle concentration in the diluted gas exhaust from the particle counter, corrected for coincidence and to standard conditions (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa), particles per cubic centimetre,

n

is the number of particle concentration measurements taken during the individual discrete-mode sampling period.

For each applicable individual RMC, hot-start NRTC and cold-start NRTC the specific emissions in number of particles/kWh shall be calculated by means of equation (7-175):

e = \frac{N}{W_{act}}

(7-175)

Where:

N

is the number of particles emitted over the applicable RMC, hot-start run of the NRTC or cold-start NRTC,

W_act

is the actual cycle work in accordance with point 7.8.3.4 of Annex VI, [kWh].

For an RMC, in case of an engine with infrequent (periodic) exhaust after-treatment system regeneration (see point 6.6.2 of Annex VI), the specific emissions shall be corrected with either the applicable multiplicative adjustment factor or with the applicable adjustment additive factor. In the case that infrequent regeneration did not take place during the test the upward factor shall be applied (k _ru,m or k _ru,a). In the case that infrequent regeneration took place during the test the downward factor shall be applied (k _rd,m or k _rd,a).

For an RMC the final result shall also be adjusted with the applicable multiplicative or additive deterioration factor established according to the requirements of Annex III.

For the NRTC, the final test result shall be a weighted average from cold-start run and hot-start run (including infrequent regeneration where relevant) shall be calculated by means of equation (7-176) or (7-177):

(a)

In the case of multiplicative regeneration adjustment, or engines without infrequently regenerating exhaust after-treatment system

e = k_{r} (\frac{(0,1 \times N_{cold}) + (0,9 \times N_{hot})}{(0,1 \times W_{act,cold}) + (0,9 \times W_{act,hot})})

(7-176)

In the case of additive regeneration adjustment

e = k_{r} + (\frac{(0,1 \times N_{cold}) + (0,9 \times N_{hot})}{(0,1 \times W_{act,cold}) + (0,9 \times W_{act,hot})})

(7-177)

Where:

N_cold

is the total number of particles emitted over the NRTC cold-start run of the NRTC,

N_hot

is the total number of particles emitted over the NRTC hot-start run of the NRTC,

W_act,cold

is the actual cycle work over the cold-start NRTC in accordance with point 7.8.3.4 of Annex VI, [kWh],

W_{act, hot}

is the actual cycle work over the hot-start NRTC in accordance with point 7.8.3.4 of Annex VI, [kWh],

k_r

is the regeneration adjustment, according to point 6.6.2 of Annex VI, or in the case of engines without infrequently regenerating exhaust after-treatment system k_r = 1

In the case that infrequent regeneration did not take place during the test the upward factor shall be applied (k _ru,m or k _ru,a). In the case that infrequent regeneration took place during the test the downward factor shall be applied (k _rd,m or k _rd,a).

The result, where applicable inclusive of infrequent regeneration adjustment factor, shall also be adjusted by the applicable multiplicative or additive deterioration factor established according to the requirements of Annex III.

The specific emissions e [#/kWh] shall be calculated by means of equation (7-178):

e = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{N_{mode}} (Ṅ_{i} \times {WF}_{i})}{\sum_{i = 1}^{N_{mode}} (P_{i} \times {WF}_{i})}

(7-178)

Where:

F1P _i

engine power for the mode i [kW] calculated by adding to the measured power P _meas [kW] the power required to drive auxiliaries P _AUX [kW] determined in accordance with equation (6-8) of Annex VI ( P _i = P _meas + P _AUX ).

WF_i

is the weighting factor for the mode i [-]

Ṅ_i

is the mean emission number flow rate for the mode i [#/h] from equation (7-171) or (7-173) depending upon the dilution method

In case of an engine with infrequent (periodic) exhaust after-treatment system regeneration (see point 6.6.2 of Annex VI), the specific emissions shall be corrected with either the applicable multiplicative adjustment factor or with the applicable adjustment additive factor. In the case that infrequent regeneration did not take place during the test the upward factor shall be applied (k _ru,m or k _ru,a). In the case that infrequent regeneration took place during the test the downward factor shall be applied (k _rd,m or k _rd,a). Where the adjustment factors have been determined for each mode they shall be applied to each mode during the calculation of the weighted emission result at equation (7-178).

The result, where applicable inclusive of infrequent regeneration adjustment factor, shall also be adjusted by the applicable multiplicative or additive deterioration factor established according to the requirements of Annex III.

The final NRSC and weighted average NRTC test results shall be rounded in one step to three significant figures in accordance with ASTM E 29–06B. No rounding of intermediate values leading to the final brake specific emission result is permissible.

At the engine manufacturer's request, dilution tunnel background particle number concentrations may be sampled, prior to or after the test, from a point downstream of the particle and hydrocarbon filters into the particle number measurement system, to determine the tunnel background particle concentrations.

Subtraction of particle number tunnel background concentrations shall not be allowed for type-approval, but may be used at the manufacturer's request, with the prior approval of the approval authority, for conformity of production testing, if it can be demonstrated that tunnel background contribution is significant, which can then be subtracted from the values measured in the diluted exhaust gas.

Annotations

Textual amendments