{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2018-1488/article-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2018-1488/article-2.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2018/1488",
  "legislation_title": "Council Regulation (EU) 2018/1488 of 28 September 2018 establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2018-1488",
  "path": "article/2",
  "kind": "article",
  "number": "2",
  "heading": "Definitions",
  "text": "For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:\n(1) ‘acceptance test’ means a test conducted to determine if the requirements of the system specification are met;\n(2) ‘access time’ means the computing time of a supercomputer that is made available to a user or a group of users to execute their computer programs;\n(3) ‘affiliated entity’ means an entity as defined in point (2) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1290/2013;\n(4) ‘national High Performance Computing competence centre’ means a legal entity established in a Participating State that is a Member State, associated with the national supercomputing centre of that Member State, providing users from industry, including SMEs, academia, and public administrations with access on demand to the supercomputers and to the latest High Performance Computing technologies, tools, applications and services, and offering expertise, skills, training, networking and outreach;\n(5) ‘constituent entity’ means an entity that constitutes a Private Member of the Joint Undertaking, pursuant to the statutes of each Private Member;\n(6) ‘exascale supercomputer’ means a computing system with a performance level capable of executing ten to the power of eighteen operations per second (or 1 Exaflop) supporting applications that deliver high-fidelity solutions in less time and that address problems of greater complexity;\n(7) ‘hosting agreement’ means an agreement concluded between the Joint Undertaking and the hosting entity of a pre-exascale supercomputer or between the Joint Undertaking, the other co-owners of a petascale supercomputer and the hosting entity of a petascale supercomputer, which may take the form of a service contract or other contract;\n(8) ‘hosting consortium’ means a group of Participating States that have agreed to contribute to the acquisition and operation of a pre-exascale supercomputer or of a petascale supercomputer;\n(9) ‘hosting entity’ means a legal entity which includes facilities to host and operate a supercomputer and which is established in a Participating State that is a Member State;\n(10) ‘national supercomputer’ means a national computing system located in a Participating State with a performance level of at least 0,4 Petaflops and that is not procured under this Regulation;\n(11) ‘observer State’ means a Member State or a country associated to Horizon 2020 that is not a Participating State;\n(12) ‘Participating State’ means a country that is a member of the Joint Undertaking;\n(13) ‘petascale supercomputer’ means a computing system with a performance level capable of executing ten to the power of fifteen operations per second (or 1 Petaflop);\n(14) ‘pre-exascale supercomputer’ means a computing system with a performance level capable of executing more than 100 Petaflops and less than 1 Exaflop;\n(15) ‘Private Member’ means a private association that is a member of the Joint Undertaking;\n(16) ‘supercomputer’ means any computing system having at least petascale computing performance and procured under this Regulation;\n(17) ‘total cost of ownership’ of a supercomputer means the acquisition costs plus the operating costs, including maintenance, until the ownership of the supercomputer is transferred to the hosting entity or is sold or until the supercomputer is decommissioned without transfer of ownership;\n(18) ‘user’ means any natural or legal person, entity or international organisation that has been granted access time to use a Joint Undertaking supercomputer;\n(19) ‘work plan’ means the work plan as defined in point (22) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1290/2013 and which also functions as the work programme referred to in Article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 1316/2013.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2018/1488/article/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:43:55.981884+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}