# Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance), Annex VIII

Extent: E+W+S+N.I.

‘ANNEX XVI
REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES THAT USE A REAGENT FOR THE EXHAUST AFTER-TREATMENT SYSTEM
1.
Introduction
This Annex sets out the requirements for vehicles that rely on the use of a reagent for the after-treatment system in order to reduce emissions. Every reference in this Annex to ‘reagent tank’ shall be understood as also applying to other containers in which a reagent is stored.
1.1.
The capacity of the reagent tank shall be such that a full reagent tank does not need to be replenished over an average driving range of 5 full fuel tanks providing the reagent tank can be easily replenished (e.g. without the use of tools and without removing vehicle interior trim. The opening of an interior flap, in order to gain access for the purpose of reagent replenishment, shall not be understood as the removal of interior trim). If the reagent tank is not considered to be easy to replenish as described above, the minimum reagent tank capacity shall be at least equivalent to an average driving distance of 15 full fuel tanks. However, in the case of the option in paragraph 3.5., where the manufacturer chooses to start the warning system at a distance which may not be less than 2 400 km before the reagent tank becomes empty, the above restrictions on a minimum reagent tank capacity shall not apply.
1.2.
In the context of this Annex, the term “average driving distance” shall be taken to be derived from the fuel or reagent consumption during a Type 1 test for the driving distance of a fuel tank and the driving distance of a reagent tank respectively.
2.
Reagent indication
2.1.
The vehicle shall include a specific indicator on the dashboard that informs the driver when reagent levels are below the threshold values specified in paragraph 3.5.
3.
Driver warning system
3.1.
The vehicle shall include a warning system consisting of visual alarms that informs the driver when an abnormality is detected in the reagent dosing, e.g. when emissions are too high, the reagent level is low, reagent dosing is interrupted, or the reagent is not of a quality specified by the manufacturer. The warning system may also include an audible component to alert the driver.
3.2.
The warning system shall escalate in intensity as the reagent approaches empty. It shall culminate in a driver notification that cannot be easily defeated or ignored. It shall not be possible to turn off the system until the reagent has been replenished.
3.3.
The visual warning shall display a message indicating a low level of reagent. The warning shall not be the same as the warning used for the purposes of OBD or other engine maintenance. The warning shall be sufficiently clear for the driver to understand that the reagent level is low (e.g. “urea level low”, “AdBlue level low”, or “reagent low”).
3.4.
The warning system does not initially need to be continuously activated, however the warning shall escalate so that it becomes continuous as the level of the reagent approaches the point where the driver inducement system in paragraph 8. comes into effect. An explicit warning shall be displayed (e.g. “fill up urea”, “fill up AdBlue”, or “fill up reagent”). The continuous warning system may be temporarily interrupted by other warning signals providing that they are important safety related messages.
3.5.
The warning system shall activate at a distance equivalent to a driving range of at least 2 400 km in advance of the reagent tank becoming empty, or at the choice of the manufacturer at the latest when the level of reagent in the tank reaches one of the following levels:
(a) a level expected to be sufficient for driving 150 % of an average driving range with a complete tank of fuel; or
(b) 10 % of the capacity of the reagent tank,
whichever occurs earlier.
4.
Identification of incorrect reagent
4.1.
The vehicle shall include a means of determining that a reagent corresponding to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer and recorded in Appendix 3 to Annex I is present on the vehicle.
4.2.
If the reagent in the storage tank does not correspond to the minimum requirements declared by the manufacturer the driver warning system in paragraph 3. shall be activated and shall display a message indicating an appropriate warning (e.g. “incorrect urea detected”, “incorrect AdBlue detected”, or “incorrect reagent detected”). If the reagent quality is not rectified within 50 km of the activation of the warning system then the driver inducement requirements of paragraph 8. shall apply.
5.
Reagent consumption monitoring
5.1.
The vehicle shall include a means of determining reagent consumption and providing off-board access to consumption information.
5.2.
Average reagent consumption and average demanded reagent consumption by the engine system shall be available via the serial port of the standard diagnostic connector. Data shall be available over the previous complete 2 400 km period of vehicle operation.
5.3.
In order to monitor reagent consumption, at least the following parameters within the vehicle shall be monitored:
(a) The level of reagent in the on-vehicle storage tank; and
(b) The flow of reagent or injection of reagent as close as technically possible to the point of injection into an exhaust after-treatment system.
5.4.
A deviation of more than 50 % between the average reagent consumption and the average demanded reagent consumption by the engine system over a period of 30 minutes of vehicle operation, shall result in the activation of the driver warning system in paragraph 3., which shall display a message indicating an appropriate warning (e.g. “urea dosing malfunction”, “AdBlue dosing malfunction”, or “reagent dosing malfunction”). If the reagent consumption is not rectified within 50 km of the activation of the warning system then the driver inducement requirements of paragraph 8. shall apply.
5.5.
In the case of interruption in reagent dosing activity the driver warning system as referred to in paragraph 3. shall be activated, which shall display a message indicating an appropriate warning. Where the reagent dosing interruption is initiated by the engine system because the vehicle operating conditions are such that the vehicle's emission performance does not require reagent dosing, the activation of the driver warning system as referred to in paragraph 3. may be omitted, provided that the manufacturer has clearly informed the approval authority when such operating conditions apply. If the reagent dosing is not rectified within 50 km of the activation of the warning system then the driver inducement requirements of paragraph 8. shall apply.
6.
Monitoring NOx emissions
6.1.
As an alternative to the monitoring requirements referred to in paragraphs 4. and 5., manufacturers may use exhaust gas sensors directly to sense excess NOx levels in the exhaust.
6.2.
The manufacturer shall demonstrate that use of the sensors referred to in paragraph 6.1. above and any other sensors on the vehicle, results in the activation of the driver warning system as referred to in paragraph 3. above, the display of a message indicating an appropriate warning (e.g. “emissions too high — check urea”, “emissions too high — check AdBlue”, “emissions too high — check reagent”), and the activation of the driver inducement system as referred to in paragraph 8.3., when the situations referred to in paragraphs 4.2., 5.4., or 5.5. occur.
For the purposes of this paragraph these situations are presumed to occur if the applicable NOx OBD threshold limit of the tables set out in paragraph 2.3. of Annex XI is exceeded.
NOx emissions during the test to demonstrate compliance with these requirements shall be no more than 20 % higher than the OBD threshold limits.
7.
Storage of failure information
7.1.
Where reference is made to this paragraph, non-erasable Parameter Identifiers (PID) shall be stored identifying the reason for and the distance travelled by the vehicle during the inducement system activation. The vehicle shall retain a record of the PID for at least 800 days or 30 000 km of vehicle operation. The PID shall be made available via the serial port of a standard diagnostic connector upon request of a generic scan tool in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2.3. of Appendix 1 to Annex XI. The information stored in the PID shall be linked to the period of cumulated vehicle operation, during which it has occurred, with an accuracy of not less than 300 days or 10 000 km.
7.2.
Malfunctions in the reagent dosing system attributed to technical failures (e.g. mechanical or electrical faults) shall also be subject to the OBD requirements in Annex XI.
8.
Driver inducement system
8.1.
The vehicle shall include a driver inducement system to ensure that the vehicle operates with a functioning emissions control system at all times. The inducement system shall be designed so as to ensure that the vehicle cannot operate with an empty reagent tank.
8.2.
The inducement system shall activate at the latest when the level of reagent in the tank reaches:
(a) In the case that the warning system was activated at least 2 400 km before the reagent tank was expected to become empty, a level expected to be sufficient for driving the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel.
(b) In the case that the warning system was activated at the level described in paragraph 3.5.(a), a level expected to be sufficient for driving 75 % of the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel; or
(c) In the case that the warning system was activated at the level described in paragraph 3.5.(b), 5 % of the capacity of the reagent tank.
(d) In the case that the warning system was activated ahead of the levels described in both paragraph 3.5.(a) and 3.5.(b) but less than 2 400 km in advance of the reagent tank becoming empty, whichever level described in (b) or (c) of this paragraph occurs earlier.
Where the alternative described in paragraph 6.1. is utilised, the system shall activate when the irregularities described in paragraphs 4. or 5. or the NOx levels described in paragraph 6.2. have occurred.
The detection of an empty reagent tank and the irregularities mentioned in paragraphs 4., 5., or 6. shall result in the failure information storage requirements of paragraph 7. taking effect.
8.3.
The manufacturer shall select which type of inducement system to install. The options for a system are described in paragraphs 8.3.1., 8.3.2., 8.3.3. and 8.3.4..
8.3.1.
A “no engine restart after countdown” approach allows a countdown of restarts or distance remaining once the inducement system activates. Engine starts initiated by the vehicle control system, such as start-stop systems, are not included in this countdown.
8.3.1.1.
In the case that the warning system was activated at least 2 400 km before the reagent tank was expected to become empty, or the irregularities described in paragraphs 4. or 5. or the NOx levels described in paragraph 6.2. have occurred, engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.1.2.
In the case that the inducement system was activated at the level described in paragraph 8.2.(b), engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving 75 % of the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.1.3.
In the case that the inducement system was activated at the level described in paragraph 8.2.(c), engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving the average driving range of the vehicle with 5 % of the capacity of the reagent tank, since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.1.4.
In addition, engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the reagent tank becomes empty, should this situation occur earlier than the situations specified in paragraphs 8.3.1.1, 8.3.1.2., or 8.3.1.3.
8.3.2.
A “no start after refuelling” system results in a vehicle being unable to start after re-fuelling if the inducement system has activated.
8.3.3.
A “fuel-lockout” approach prevents the vehicle from being refuelled by locking the fuel filler system after the inducement system activates. The lockout system shall be robust to prevent it being tampered with.
8.3.4.
A “performance restriction” approach restricts the speed of the vehicle after the inducement system activates. The level of speed limitation shall be noticeable to the driver and significantly reduce the maximum speed of the vehicle. Such limitation shall enter into operation gradually or after an engine start. Shortly before engine restarts are prevented, the speed of the vehicle shall not exceed 50 km/h.
8.3.4.1.
In the case that the warning system was activated at least 2 400 km before the reagent tank was expected to become empty, or the irregularities described in paragraphs 4. or 5. or the NOx levels described in paragraph 6.2. have occurred, engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.4.2.
In the case that the inducement system was activated at the level described in paragraph 8.2.(b), engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving 75 % of the average driving range of the vehicle with a complete tank of fuel since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.4.3.
In the case that the inducement system was activated at the level described in paragraph 8.2.(c), engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the vehicle has travelled a distance expected to be sufficient for driving the average driving range of the vehicle with 5 % of the capacity of the reagent tank, since the activation of the inducement system.
8.3.4.4.
In addition, engine restarts shall be prevented immediately after the reagent tank becomes empty, should this situation occur earlier than the situations specified in paragraphs 8.3.4.1, 8.3.4.2. or 8.3.4.3.
8.4.
Once the inducement system has prevented engine restarts, the inducement system shall only be deactivated if the irregularities specified in paragraphs 4., 5., or 6. have been rectified or if the quantity of reagent added to the vehicle meets at least one of the following criteria:
(a) expected to be sufficient for driving 150 % of an average driving range with a complete tank of fuel; or
(b) at least 10 % of the capacity of the reagent tank.
After a repair has been carried out to correct a fault where the OBD system has been triggered under paragraph 7.2., the inducement system may be reinitialised via the OBD serial port (e.g. by a generic scan tool) to enable the vehicle to be restarted for self-diagnosis purposes. The vehicle shall operate for a maximum of 50 km to enable the success of the repair to be validated. The inducement system shall be fully reactivated if the fault persists after this validation.
8.5.
The driver warning system referred to in paragraph 3. shall display a message indicating clearly:
(a) The number of remaining restarts and/or the remaining distance; and
(b) The conditions under which the vehicle can be restarted.
8.6.
The driver inducement system shall be deactivated when the conditions for its activation have ceased to exist. The driver inducement system shall not be automatically deactivated without the reason for its activation having been remedied.
8.7.
Detailed written information fully describing the functional operation characteristics of the driver inducement system shall be provided to the Type Approval Authority at the time of approval.
8.8.
As part of the application for type approval under this Regulation, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the operation of the driver warning and inducement systems.
9.
Information requirements
9.1.
The manufacturer shall provide all owners of new vehicles with clear written information about the emission control system. This information shall state that if the vehicle emission control system is not functioning correctly, the driver shall be informed of a problem by the driver warning system and that the driver inducement system shall consequentially result in the vehicle being unable to start.
9.2.
The instructions shall indicate requirements for the proper use and maintenance of vehicles, including the proper use of consumable reagents.
9.3.
The instructions shall specify if consumable reagents have to be replenished by the vehicle driver between normal maintenance intervals. They shall indicate how the vehicle driver should replenish the reagent tank. The information shall also indicate a likely rate of reagent consumption for that type of vehicle and how often it should be replenished.
9.4.
The instructions shall specify that use of, and replenishing of, a required reagent of the correct specifications is mandatory for the vehicle to comply with the certificate of conformity issued for that vehicle type.
9.5.
The instructions shall state that it may be a criminal offence to use a vehicle that does not consume any reagent if it is required for the reduction of emissions.
9.6.
The instructions shall explain how the warning system and driver inducement systems work. In addition, the consequences of ignoring the warning system and not replenishing the reagent shall be explained.
10.
Operating conditions of the after-treatment system
Manufacturers shall ensure that the emission control system retains its emission control function during all ambient conditions, especially at low ambient temperatures. This includes taking measures to prevent the complete freezing of the reagent during parking times of up to 7 days at 258 K (– 15 °C) with the reagent tank 50 % full. If the reagent is frozen, the manufacturer shall ensure that the reagent shall be liquefied and ready for use within 20 minutes of the vehicle being started at 258 K (– 15 °C) measured inside the reagent tank.’

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Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2018/1832/annex/VIII (the official version)
Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2018-1832/annex-VIII
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.