{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-1197/annex-IV/division-II/division-D/division-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-1197/annex-IV/division-II/division-D/division-2.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2020/1197",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-1197",
  "path": "annex/IV/division/II/division/D/division/2",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "2)",
  "heading": "Variable 230201: R & D personnel",
  "text": "Research and experimental development (R & D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.\nR & D personnel in a statistical unit include all persons engaged directly in R & D, whether employed by the statistical unit or external contributors fully integrated into the statistical unit’s R & D activities, as well as those providing direct services for the R & D activities (such as R & D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff).\nPersons providing indirect support and ancillary services, such as canteen, maintenance, administrative and security staff, should be excluded, even though their wages and salaries are included in ‘other current costs’ when measuring intramural R & D expenditure as from definition No D1.\nR & D personnel includes two main groups of individuals:\nPersons employed by the statistical unit who contribute to a unit’s intramural R & D activities (internal R & D personnel).\nExternal contributors that are fully integrated into the unit’s intramural R & D activities (external R & D personnel) that can be either independent (self-employed) or dependent (receiving wages/salaries but not from the statistical unit performing the R & D).",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2020/1197/annex/IV/division/II/division/D/division/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:42:28.657754+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}