{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-351/introduction",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-351/introduction.json",
  "legislation": "eur/2020/351",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/351 of 28 February 2020 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the use of citric acid (E 330) in cocoa and chocolate products (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-regulation-2020-351",
  "path": "introduction",
  "kind": "introduction",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "Introductory text",
  "text": "Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/351\nof 28 February 2020\namending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the use of citric acid (E 330) in cocoa and chocolate products\n(Text with EEA relevance)\nTHE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,\nHaving regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,\nHaving regard to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives, and in particular Article 10(3) thereof,\nWhereas:\n(1)\nAnnex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 lays down a Union list of food additives approved for use in food and their conditions of use.\n(2)\nThat list may be updated in accordance with the common procedure referred to in Article 3(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, either on the initiative of the Commission or following an application.\n(3)\nPursuant to Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, citric acid (E 330) is an authorised food additive in food category 05.1 ‘Cocoa and Chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC’ at a maximum level of 5 000 mg/kg.\n(4)\nOn 6 March 2018, an application was submitted for the modification of the conditions of use of citric acid (E 330) contained in food category 05.1 ‘Cocoa and Chocolate products as covered by Directive 2000/36/EC’, by increasing its maximum level of use to 10 000 mg/kg for milk chocolate. The application was subsequently made available to the Member States pursuant to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008.\n(5)\nCitric acid (E 330), when used as a stabiliser in cocoa mass containing high levels of polyphenols, lowers pH and reacts with a part of polyphenols intensifying cocoa mass colour into characteristic pink shades accompanied by a berry-fruit sour taste. Both, pink shades and a berry-fruit sour taste are still apparent in the final product, i.e. in chocolate. The application shows that, the currently authorised maximum level of 5 000 mg/kg is not sufficient to obtain the desired pink shades and a berry-fruit sour taste, which is achievable with the maximum level of 10 000 mg/kg. As for the reaction between citric acid (E 330) and polyphenols, a constant ratio of citric acid (E 330) relative to cocoa mass is needed, thus the higher use level of citric acid (E 330) implies an increase in total dry cocoa solids in the final product. This final product would therefore comply with the definition of milk chocolate as laid down in Annex I to Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.\n(6)\nPursuant to Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008, the Commission has to seek the opinion of the European Food Safety Authority in order to update the Union list of food additives set out in Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, except where the update in question is not liable to have an effect on human health.\n(7)\nThe safety of citric acid (E 330) was evaluated in 1990 by the Scientific Committee for Food, which established its acceptable daily intake as ‘not specified’. The term ‘not specified’ is used when, on the basis of the available toxicological, biochemical and clinical data, the total daily intake of the substance, arising from its natural occurrence and its present use or uses in food at the levels necessary to achieve the desired technological effect, will not present a hazard to health.\n(8)\nCitric acid (E 330) is a food additive authorised in a variety of foods in accordance with Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. It is not expected that the increase of its maximum level to 10 000 mg/kg for milk chocolate will have a significant impact on the overall exposure.\n(9)\nSince the authorisation of the use of citric acid (E 330) in milk chocolate at 10 000 mg/kg requires an update of the Union list which is not liable to have an effect on human health, it is not necessary to seek the opinion of the Authority.\n(10)\nTherefore, it is appropriate to authorise the use of citric acid (E 330) in milk chocolate at 10 000 mg/kg.\n(11)\nAnnex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 should therefore be amended accordingly.\n(12)\nThe measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed,\nHAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "OJ L 354, 31.12.2008, p. 16."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 establishing a common authorisation procedure for food additives, food enzymes and food flavourings (OJ L 354, 31.12.2008, p. 1)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption (OJ L 197, 3.8.2000, p. 19)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, Twenty-fifth series, 1991, p. 13 (https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_reports_25.pdf)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2020/351/introduction",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T14:42:49.115087+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}