Part III Note: The goods in this Part are for convenience specified by reference to the classification system used by the Department of Trade and Industry for export control purposes. For convenience only, defined terms are printed in “quotation marks”.

In this Part:

• “adapted for use in war” means any modification or selection (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistance to ultra violet (UV) radiation) designed to increase the effectiveness in producing casualties in humans or animals, degrading equipment or damaging crops or the environment;

• “additives” means substances used in explosive formulations to improve their properties;

• “anti-idiotypic antibodies” means antibodies which bind to the specific antigen binding sites of other antibodies;

• “basic scientific research” means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective;

• “biocatalyst” means enzymes and other biological compounds which bind to and accelerate the degradation of chemical warfare (CW) agents;

• “biopolymer” means the following biological macromolecules:

  1. a.

     “enzymes”;

  2. b.

     antibodies, monoclonal, polyclonal or “anti-idiotypic”;

  3. c.

     specially designed or specially processed “receptors”;

• “critical temperature” (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific superconductive material means the temperature at which the specific material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current;

• “development” is related to all stages prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts;

• “enzymes” means “biocatalysts” for specific chemical or biochemical reactions;

• “end-effectors” include grippers, active tooling units and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a “robot” manipulator arm;

  Technical Note:

  Active tooling unit means a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece;

• “expression vectors” means carriers (e.g., plasmid or virus) used to introduce genetic material into host cells;

• “first generation image intensifier tubes” mean electrostatically focused tubes, employing input and output fibre optic or glass face plates, multi-alkali photocathodes (S-20 or S-25), but not microchannel plate amplifiers;

• “improvised explosive devices” means devices fabricated or intended to be placed in an improvised manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals, designed to destroy, disfigure or harass; they may incorporate military stores, but are normally devised from non-military components;

• “laser” means an assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light which is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation;

• “microprogramme” means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of a reference instruction into an instruction register;

• “military explosives” means solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads, demolition and other military applications, are required to detonate;

• “military pyrotechnics” means mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidisers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation; pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidisers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air;

• “monoclonal antibodies” means proteins which bind to one antigenic site and are produced by a single clone of cells;

• “nuclear reactor” means the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core;

• “polyclonal antibodies” means a mixture of proteins which bind to the specific antigen and are produced by more than one clone of cells;

• “production” means all production stages, such as: product engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance;

• “programme” means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer;

• “receptors” means biological macromolecular structure capable of binding ligands, the binding of which affects physiological functions;

• “required” as applied to “technology”, refers to only that portion of “technology” which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such “required” “technology” may be shared by different “goods”;

• “riot control agents” means substances which produce temporary, irritating or disabling physical effects which disappear within minutes of removal from exposure. There is no significant risk of permanent injury and medical treatment is rarely required;

• “robot” means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and which:

  1. a.

     Is multifunctional;

  2. b.

     Is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in three dimensional space;

  3. c.

     Incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping motors; and

  4. d.

     Has “user-accessible programmability” by means of the teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e., without mechanical intervention;

• except:

  1. a.

     Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;

  2. b.

     Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated moving devices, operating according to programmes where the motions are limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams and the sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means;

  3. c.

     Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated moving devices, operating according to programmes where the motions are limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as pins or cams and the sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed programme pattern; variations or modifications of the programme pattern (e.g., changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;

  4. d.

     Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions; the programme is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;

  5. e.

     Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval;

• “software” means one or more “programmes” or “microprogrammes” fixed in any tangible medium of expression;

• “special gun-mounting” means any fixture designed to mount a gun;

• “superconductive” in relation to materials (i.e., metals, alloys or compounds) means those which can lose all electrical resistance (i.e., which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating); the superconductive state of a material is individually characterized by a “critical temperature”, a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is a function of both magnetic field and temperature;

• “tear gases” means gases which produce temporary irritating or disabling effects which disappear within minutes of removal of exposure;

• “technology” means specific information necessary for the “development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories;

• “use” means operation, installation (which includes on-site installation), maintenance, checking, repair, overhaul and refurbishing;

• “user-accessible programmability” means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace “programmes” by means other than:

  1. a.

     A physical change in wiring or interconnections; or

  2. b.

     The setting of function controls including entry of parameters.