{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1986/55",
  "title": "Family Law Act 1986",
  "short_title": "Family Law Act 1986",
  "long_title": "An Act to amend the law relating to the jurisdiction of courts in the United Kingdom to make orders with regard to the custody of children; to make provision as to the recognition and enforcement of such orders throughout the United Kingdom; to make further provision as to the imposition, effect and enforcement of restrictions on the removal of children from the United Kingdom or from any part of the United Kingdom; to amend the law relating to the jurisdiction of courts in Scotland as to tutory and curatory; to amend the law relating to the recognition of divorces, annulments and legal separations; to make further provision with respect to the effect of divorces and annulments on wills; to amend the law relating to the powers of courts to make declarations relating to the status of a person; to abolish the right to petition for jactitation of marriage; to repeal the Greek Marriages Act 1884; to make further provision with respect to family proceedings rules; to amend the Child Abduction Act 1984, the Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 and the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "1986 c. 55",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1986",
  "number": "55",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1986-11-07",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2022-04-06",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 4,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Child Custody",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/I",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Preliminary",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Orders to which Part I applies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/II",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction of Courts in England and Wales",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction: general.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2A",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction in or in connection with matrimonial proceedings or civil partnership proceedings .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-2A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Habitual residence or presence of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Power of court to refuse application or stay proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
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      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Duration and variation of custody orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
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      "heading": "Interpretation of Chapter II.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/III",
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      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction of Courts in Scotland",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Jurisdiction in independent proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-8",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Habitual residence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-9",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Presence of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-10",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Provisions supplementary to sections 9 and 10.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-11",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
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      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Emergency jurisdiction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-12",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction ancillary to matrimonial proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-13",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Power of court to refuse application or sist proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-14",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Duration, variation and recall of orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-15",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Tutory and curatory.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-16",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Orders for delivery of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-17",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17A",
      "heading": null,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-17A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Chapter III.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-18",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/IV",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction of Courts in Northern Ireland",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction: general.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-19",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19A",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction in or in connection with matrimonial proceedings or civil partnership proceedings .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-19A",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Habitual residence or presence of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-20",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-21",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Power of court to refuse application or stay proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-22",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Duration and variation of custody orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-23",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Chapter IV.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-24",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/V",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "V",
      "heading": "Recognition and Enforcement",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
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      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Recognition of custody orders: general.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
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      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Recognition: special Scottish rule.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-26",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Registration.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Cancellation and variation of registration.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-28",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Enforcement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-29",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/30",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Staying or sisting of enforcement proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-30",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
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      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Dismissal of enforcement proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-31",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/32",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Chapter V.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-32",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/chapter/VI",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "VI",
      "heading": "Miscellaneous and Supplemental",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Power to order disclosure of child’s whereabouts.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-33",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34",
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      "number": "34",
      "heading": "Power to order recovery of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-34",
      "extent": "E+W+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/35",
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      "number": "35",
      "heading": "Powers to restrict removal of child from jurisdiction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-35",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/36",
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      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Effect of orders restricting removal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-36",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/37",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Surrender of passports.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-37",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/38",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "38",
      "heading": "Automatic restriction on removal of wards of court.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-38",
      "extent": "E+W+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/39",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "39",
      "heading": "Duty to furnish particulars of other proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-39",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/40",
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      "number": "40",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Chapter VI.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-40",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/41",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "41",
      "heading": "Habitual residence after removal without consent, etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-41",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/42",
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      "number": "42",
      "heading": "General interpretation of Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-42",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/43",
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      "number": "43",
      "heading": "Application of Part I to dependent territories.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-43",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/chapter/VI"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
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      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Recognition of Divorces, Annulments and Legal Separations",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/divorces-annulments-and-judicial-separations-granted-in-the-british-islands",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Divorces, annulments and judicial separations granted in the British Islands",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/44",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Recognition in United Kingdom of divorces, annulments and judicial separations granted in the British Islands.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-44",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/divorces-annulments-and-judicial-separations-granted-in-the-british-islands"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/overseas-divorces-annulments-and-legal-separations",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Overseas divorces, annulments and legal separations",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/45",
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      "number": "45",
      "heading": "Recognition in the United Kingdom of overseas divorces, annulments and legal separations.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-45",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/overseas-divorces-annulments-and-legal-separations"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/46",
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      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Grounds for recognition.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-46",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/overseas-divorces-annulments-and-legal-separations"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/47",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "47",
      "heading": "Cross-proceedings and divorces following legal separations.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-47",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/overseas-divorces-annulments-and-legal-separations"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/48",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "48",
      "heading": "Proof of facts relevant to recognition.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-48",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/overseas-divorces-annulments-and-legal-separations"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Supplemental",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/49",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "49",
      "heading": "Modifications of Part II in relation to countries comprising territories having different systems of law.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-49",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/50",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "50",
      "heading": "Non-recognition of divorce or annulment in another jurisdiction no bar to remarriage.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-50",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/51",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "51",
      "heading": "Refusal of recognition.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-51",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/52",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "52",
      "heading": "Provisions as to divorces, annulments etc. obtained before commencement of Part II.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/family-law-act-1986/section-52",
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