{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/gas-act-1965/section-28",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/gas-act-1965/section-28.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1965/36",
  "legislation_title": "Gas Act 1965",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/gas-act-1965",
  "path": "section/28",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "28",
  "heading": "Interpretation of Part II.",
  "text": "(1) In this Part of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—\n“the appropriate tribunal” means—\n(a)in relation to England and Wales, the Upper Tribunal;\n(b)in relation to Scotland, the Lands Tribunal for Scotland;\n“compulsory purchase order” means an order confirmed under Schedule 1 to the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) Act 1946 or under Schedule 1 to the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947;\n“controlled operations” has the meaning given by section 5 of this Act;\n. . .\n“danger” means danger of bodily harm or injury or danger to property, and “safe” and “safety” shall be construed accordingly;\n“fire and rescue authority” means a fire and rescue authority under the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004;\n...\n. . .\n“Gazette” means, in relation to land in England and Wales, the London Gazette and, in relation to land in Scotland, the Edinburgh Gazette;\n“large-scale map” means a map drawn on a scale not less than 1 in 10,560;\n“limits of supply”, . . . in Scotland in relation to Scottish Water, has the meaning assigned to it by section 109(1) of the Water (Scotland) Act 1980;\n“local authority” means, in England . . ., the council of a county or district, the council of a London borough and the common council of the City of London, in Wales, the council of a county or county borough and, in Scotland a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;\n“local planning authority” in England and Wales has the meaning assigned to it by section 336(1) of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, . . . and, in Scotland, the meaning assigned to it by section 277(1) of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997;\n. . .\n“Minister concerned with water resources” means—\n(a)in relation to England and Wales, the Secretary of State;\n(d)in relation to land in Scotland, the Secretary of State for Scotland;\n“natural gas” means any gas derived from natural strata (including gas orginating outside the United Kingdom);\n“owner”, in relation to any land other than land in Scotland, means a person, other than a mortgagee not in possession, who is for the time being entitled to dispose of the fee simple of the land, whether in possession or in reversion and, in relation to any land in Scotland,—\n(a)unless the land is held on a long lease, means ... the owner of the land;\n(b)if the land is held on a long lease, means the lessee under that lease;\nand, for the purposes of this definition, “long lease” means a lease which has been, or is capable of being, registered in the Land Register of Scotland or recorded in the General Register of Sasines under the Registration of Leases (Scotland) Act 1857;\n“planning Minister” means, in relation to England, the Secretary of State and, in relation to Scotland or Wales, the Secretary of State;\n“planning permission” means permission under Part III of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (other than sections 88 and 89) or, in relation to England, Part 13 of that Act or under Part III of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (other than sections 55 and 56);\n“river authority” means a river authority established under Part II of the Water Resources Act 1963, the Conservators of the River Thames, the Lee Conservancy Catchment Board and the Isle of Wight River and Water Authority; and for the purposes of this Part of this Act the area of the Conservators of the River Thames shall be the Thames Catchment Area and the London excluded area (as defined in section 125(5) of the Water Resources Act 1963), and the area of the Lee Conservancy Catchment Board shall be the Lee Catchment Area;\n. . .\n“statutory licence to abstract water”, in relation to England and Wales, means a licence under Part IV of the Water Resources Act 1963 and in relation to Scotland means a statutory right to take water;\n“statutory right to take water” means a right to take water conferred by an order under section 17 of the Water (Scotland) Act 1980 or by a provisional order having effect in Scotland;\n“statutory undertakers” means persons authorised by any enactment to carry on any railway, light railway, tramway, road transport, water transport, canal inland navigation, dock, harbour, pier or lighthouse undertaking, or any undertaking for the supply of . . . , . . . hydraulic power or water;\n“statutory water undertakers” means any water undertaker\n“storage authorisation order” means an order under section 4 of this Act;\n“underground gas storage” means a storage of gas in a stratum below the surface of the ground in accordance with a storage authorisation order or, if the context so requires, the stratum where gas is so stored.\n(2) In this Part of this Act the expressions “protective area” and “storage area” have the meanings respectively assigned by section 5(1) of, and paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to, this Act and, except where the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Part of this Act to a protective area or storage area includes all land and strata at all depths below the surface of the ground in the area.\n(3) For the purposes of this Part of this Act Monmouthshire shall be deemed to be in Wales and not in England.\n(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) inserted (1.6.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions (Lands Tribunal and Miscellaneous Amendments) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1307), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 56(a) (with Sch. 5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Definition of “the corporation” (inserted by Gas Act 1972 (c. 60, SIF 44:2), Sch. 6 para. 14(9)(a)) repealed by virtue of Gas Act 1986 (c. 44, SIF 44:2), s. 67(1)(3)(4), Sch. 7 para. 6(1)(a), Sch. 8 para. 33, Sch. 9 Pt. I"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) substituted (E.W.) (1.10.2004 except in relation to W. and 10.11.2004 otherwise) by Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 (c. 21), s. 61, Sch. 1 para. 20(3); S.I. 2004/2304, art. 2; S.I. 2004/2917, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) repealed (S.) (1.4.2013) by Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (asp 8), s. 129(2), sch. 8 Pt. 2; S.S.I. 2013/51, art. 2 (with transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2013/121)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Definition of “Gas Authority” repealed by virtue of Gas Act 1986 (c. 44, SIF 44:2), s. 67(1)(3), Sch. 7 para. 6(24)(a), Sch. 8 para. 33"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Definition substituted by virtue of Gas Act 1986 (c. 44, SIF 44:2), s. 67(1)(3), Sch. 7 para. 6(24)(b), Sch. 8 para. 33"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "Definition of \"limits of supply\" repealed (E.W.) by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), s. 190, Sch. 27 Pt. I (with ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)-(10), 190, 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 41(1), 57(6), 58)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) substituted (S.) (14.7.2004) by The Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 (Consequential Modifications) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1822), art. 1(1), Sch. para. 4(4)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F9",
      "text": "Words substituted (S.) by Water (Scotland) Act 1980 (c. 45, SIF 130), s. 112, Sch. 10 Pt. II"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F10",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) omitted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 25, Sch. 18; S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F11",
      "text": "Words substituted by S.I. 1974/595, art. 3(12)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F12",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) inserted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 25; S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F13",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) substituted (S.) (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 39, s. 180(1), Sch. 13 para. 66(2); S.I. 1996/323, art. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F14",
      "text": "Words substituted by virtue of Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990 (c. 11, SIF 123:1, 2), s. 4, Sch. 2 para. 12(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F15",
      "text": "Words repealed by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), s. 102, Sch. 17"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F16",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) substituted (S.) (27.5.1997) by virtue of 1997 c. 11, ss. 4, 6(2), Sch 2 para. 10(2)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F17",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) repealed (S.) (14.7.2004) by The Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 (Consequential Modifications) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1822), art. 1(1), Sch. para. 4(4)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F18",
      "text": "In definition, para. (a) substituted (E.W.) for paras. (a)-(c) by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), s. 190(1), Sch. 25 para. 32(5)(a) (with ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)-(10), 190, 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 57(6), 58)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F19",
      "text": "Words substituted by S.I. 1970/1681, Sch. 3 para. 10(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F20",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) repealed (S.) (28.11.2004) by Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 (asp 5), ss. 71, 77(2), sch. 13 Pt. 1 (with ss. 58, 62, 75); S.S.I. 2003/456, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F21",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) inserted (S.) (8.12.2014) by Land Registration etc. (Scotland) Act 2012 (asp 5), ss. 122, 123, Sch. 5 para. 16 (with s. 121, Sch. 4 paras. 13, 16); S.S.I. 2014/127, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F22",
      "text": "Words substituted by virtue of S.I. 1970/1681, arts. 2(1), 6(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F23",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) inserted (1.5.2025) by The Town and Country Planning (Fees and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/418), regs. 1(3), 6"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F24",
      "text": "Words in s. 28(1) substituted (S.) (27.5.1997) by 1997 c. 11, ss. 4, 6(2), Sch 2 para. 10(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F25",
      "text": "Definition of \"river purification authority\" in s. 28(1) ceases to have effect (S.) (1.4.1996) by S.I. 1996/973, reg. 2, Sch. para. 3(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F26",
      "text": "Word repealed by Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29, SIF 44:1), s. 112(3)(4), Sch. 17 para. 35(1), Sch. 18"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F27",
      "text": "Word repealed by Gas Act 1986 (c. 44, SIF 44:2), s. 67(4), Sch. 9 Pt. I"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F28",
      "text": "Words repealed (E.W.) by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), s. 190, Sch. 27 Pt. I (with ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)-(10), 190, 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 41(1), 57(6), 58)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F29",
      "text": "Definition of “statutory water undertakers” substituted (E.W.) by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), s. 190(1), Sch. 25 para. 32(5)(b) (with ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)-(10), 190, 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 57(6), 58)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F30",
      "text": "S. 28(4) omitted (1.6.2009) by virtue of The Transfer of Tribunal Functions (Lands Tribunal and Miscellaneous Amendments) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1307), art. 1, Sch. 1 para. 56(b) (with Sch. 5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F31",
      "text": "S. 28(5) repealed (E.W.) (1.12.1991) by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60), ss. 3, 4(2), Sch. 3 Pt. I (with Sch. 2 paras. 10, 14(1), 15)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M1",
      "text": "1946 c. 49.(28:1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M2",
      "text": "1947 c. 42.(28:2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M3",
      "text": "1980 c. 45.(130)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M4",
      "text": "1857 c. 26.(75:2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M5",
      "text": "1990 c. 8.(123:1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M6",
      "text": "1963 c. 38.(130)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M7",
      "text": "1980 c. 45.(130)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "asc/2026/7",
      "affecting_title": "Planning (Consequential Provisions) (Wales) Act 2026"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "asc/2026/7",
      "affecting_title": "Planning (Consequential Provisions) (Wales) Act 2026"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affecting": "asc/2026/7",
      "affecting_title": "Planning (Consequential Provisions) (Wales) Act 2026"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affecting": "asc/2026/7",
      "affecting_title": "Planning (Consequential Provisions) (Wales) Act 2026"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/36/section/28",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T10:57:43.619667+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}