{
  "legislation": {
    "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
    "title": "Health Act 2006",
    "short_title": "Health Act 2006",
    "citation": "2006 c. 28",
    "type": "ukpga",
    "date": "2006-07-19",
    "revised": true,
    "unapplied_effects": 41,
    "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006",
    "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006.json"
  },
  "direction": "made_to",
  "with": "ukpga/2026/18",
  "count": 43,
  "effects": [
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Pt. 1 Ch. 2",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 12",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": true,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": "2026-10-29"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 79(4)(b)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": true,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": "2026-10-29"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 79(4A)(b)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": true,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": "2026-10-29"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 2(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 2(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 5(2)(d)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 142(3)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 9(1)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 3(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 2(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 7",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 3(5)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 7(5)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(c)(iii)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 3(8)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 11(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 5",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Pt. 1 Ch. 1A",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 145(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 2(7)(8)",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 2(7)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 2(4)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 7",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 79(4)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 145(5)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 11(1)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 5",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 6(1)",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 6(1)(1A)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 144(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 5(3A)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 142(3)(b)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 2(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 2(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Pt. 1 Ch. 1C heading",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 145(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 6(3)(4)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 144(4)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 7(1)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(c)(i)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 8(6)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(d)(iii)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 8(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(d)(i)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 6(1)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 7",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 10(1)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 4",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 8(5A)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(d)(ii)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Pt. 1 Ch. 1B",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 146(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 12(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 6(4)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 10(5)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 4",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 9(1A)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 3(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Pt. 1 Ch. 1D heading",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 145(4)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 12(1)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 6(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 6(9)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(b)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 10(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 4",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 79(4)(a)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 146(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 3",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 7",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 79",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(e)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 8(8)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(d)(iv)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 4",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 142(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 6(2A)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 144(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 7(3)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "s. 143(1)(c)(ii)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected": {
        "id": "ukpga/2006/28",
        "title": "Health Act 2006",
        "provisions": "s. 12(1)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/health-act-2006"
      },
      "affecting": {
        "id": "ukpga/2026/18",
        "title": "Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026",
        "provisions": "Sch. 17 para. 6(2)",
        "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/tobacco-and-vapes-act-2026"
      },
      "applied": false,
      "requires_applied": true,
      "in_force_date": null
    }
  ],
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}