{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016/section-226A",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016/section-226A.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/2016/25",
  "legislation_title": "Investigatory Powers Act 2016",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016",
  "path": "section/226A",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "226A",
  "heading": "Bulk personal datasets: low or no reasonable expectation of privacy",
  "text": "(1) This section applies to a bulk personal dataset if the nature of the bulk personal dataset is such that the individuals to whom the personal data relates could have no, or only a low, reasonable expectation of privacy in relation to the data.\n(2) In considering whether this section applies to a bulk personal dataset, regard must be had to all the circumstances, including in particular the factors in subsection (3).\n(3) Those factors are—\n(a) the nature of the data;\n(b) the extent to which—\n(i) the data has been made public by the individuals, or\n(ii) the individuals have consented to the data being made public;\n(c) if the data has been published, the extent to which it was published subject to editorial control or by a person acting in accordance with professional standards;\n(d) if the data has been published or is otherwise in the public domain, the extent to which the data is widely known about;\n(e) the extent to which the data has already been used in the public domain.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Pt. 7A inserted (14.10.2024) by Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Act 2024 (c. 9), ss. 2, 32(2); S.I. 2024/1021, reg. 2(b)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/25/section/226A",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:06:02.282680+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}