{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016/section-8",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016/section-8.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/2016/25",
  "legislation_title": "Investigatory Powers Act 2016",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/investigatory-powers-act-2016",
  "path": "section/8",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "8",
  "heading": "Civil liability for certain unlawful interceptions",
  "text": "(1) An interception of a communication is actionable at the suit or instance of—\n(a) the sender of the communication, or\n(b) the recipient, or intended recipient, of the communication,\nif conditions A to D are met.\n(2) Condition A is that the interception is carried out in the United Kingdom.\n(3) Condition B is that the communication is intercepted—\n(a) in the course of its transmission by means of a private telecommunication system, or\n(b) in the course of its transmission, by means of a public telecommunication system, to or from apparatus that is part of a private telecommunication system.\n(4) Condition C is that the interception is carried out by, or with the express or implied consent of, a person who has the right to control the operation or use of the private telecommunication system.\n(5) Condition D is that the interception is carried out without lawful authority.\n(6) For the meaning of “interception” and other key expressions used in this section, see sections 4 to 6.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "S. 8 in force at 27.6.2018 by S.I. 2018/652, reg. 7(d)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/25/section/8",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:06:02.282680+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}