{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954.json",
  "id": "ukpga/Eliz2/2-3/56",
  "title": "Landlord and Tenant Act 1954",
  "short_title": "Landlord and Tenant Act 1954",
  "long_title": "An Act to provide security of tenure for occupying tenants under certain leases of residential property at low rents and for occupying sub-tenants of tenants under such leases; to enable tenants occupying property for business, professional or certain other purposes to obtain new tenancies in certain cases; to amend and extend the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927, the Leasehold Property (Repairs) Act 1938, and section eighty-four of the Law of Property Act 1925; to confer jurisdiction on the County Court in certain disputes between landlords and tenants; to make provision for the termination of tenancies of derelict land; and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid.",
  "citation": "2 & 3 Eliz. 2 c. 56",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "Eliz2/2-3",
  "number": "56",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1954-07-30",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-07-30",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "unapplied_effects": 6,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Security of Tenure for Residential Tenants",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/security-of-tenure-for-tenants-under-ground-leases-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Security of tenure for tenants under ground leases, etc.",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Protection of residential tenants on termination of long tenancies at low rents.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/security-of-tenure-for-tenants-under-ground-leases-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Tenancies to which s. 1 applies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/security-of-tenure-for-tenants-under-ground-leases-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/continuation-and-termination-of-tenancies-to-which-s-1-applies",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Continuation and termination of tenancies to which s. 1 applies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Continuation of tenancies to which s. 1 applies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/continuation-and-termination-of-tenancies-to-which-s-1-applies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Termination of tenancy by the landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-4",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/continuation-and-termination-of-tenancies-to-which-s-1-applies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Termination of tenancy by the tenant.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/continuation-and-termination-of-tenancies-to-which-s-1-applies"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Statutory tenancies arising under Part I",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Application of Rent Acts where tenant retains possession.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Settlement of terms of statutory tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-7",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Provisions as to repairs during period of statutory tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-8",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Principles to be observed in determining terms of statutory tenancy as to repairs and rent.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-9",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Provisions as to liabilities under tenant’s covenants in former lease.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-10",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-11",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/statutory-tenancies-arising-under-part-i"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Provisions as to possession on termination of long tenancy",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Grounds for resumption of possession by landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-12",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Landlord’s application for possession.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-13",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Provisions where tenant not ordered to give up possession.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-14",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14A",
      "heading": "Compensation for possession obtained by misrepresentation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-14A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-15",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/provisions-as-to-possession-on-termination-of-long-tenancy"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "General and supplementary provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Relief for tenant where landlord proceeding to enforce covenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-16",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Prohibition of agreements excluding Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Duty of tenants of residential property to give information to landlords or superior landlords.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Application of Part I to tenancies granted in continuation of long tenancies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-19",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Assumptions on which court to determine future questions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-20",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Meaning of “the landlord” in Part I and provisions as to mesne landlords, etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-21",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-22",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/general-and-supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Security of Tenure for Business, Professional and other Tenants",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/tenancies-to-which-part-ii-applies",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Tenancies to which Part II applies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Tenancies to which Part II applies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-23",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/tenancies-to-which-part-ii-applies"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Continuation and renewal of tenancies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Continuation of tenancies to which Part II applies and grant of new tenancies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-24",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24A",
      "heading": "Applications for determination of interim rent while tenancy continues",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-24A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24B",
      "heading": "Date from which interim rent is payable",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-24B",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24C",
      "heading": "Amount of interim rent where new tenancy of whole premises granted and landlord not opposed",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-24C",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24D",
      "heading": "Amount of interim rent in any other case",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-24D",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Termination of tenancy by the landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Tenant’s request for a new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-26",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Termination by tenant of tenancy for fixed term.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Renewal of tenancies by agreement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-28",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/continuation-and-renewal-of-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Application to court for new tenancies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Order by court for grant of new tenancy or termination of current tenancy",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-29",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29A",
      "heading": "Time limits for applications to court",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-29A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29B",
      "heading": "Agreements extending time limits",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-29B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/30",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Opposition by landlord to application for new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-30",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Dismissal of application for new tenancy where landlord successfully opposes.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-31",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/31A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "31A",
      "heading": "Grant of new tenancy in some cases where s. 30(1)(f) applies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-31A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/32",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Property to be comprised in new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-32",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Duration of new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-33",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "34",
      "heading": "Rent under new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-34",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "34A",
      "heading": "Rent under new tenancy conferring code rights",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-34A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "34B",
      "heading": "Compensation for exercise of code rights",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-34B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "34C",
      "heading": "Further provision about compensation under section 34B",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-34C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/35",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "35",
      "heading": "Other terms of new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-35",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/36",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Carrying out of order for new tenancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-36",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/37",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Compensation where order for new tenancy precluded on certain grounds.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-37",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/37A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "37A",
      "heading": "Compensation for possession obtained by misrepresentation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1954/section-37A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/application-to-court-for-new-tenancies"
    },
    {
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