{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1987/31",
  "title": "Landlord and Tenant Act 1987",
  "short_title": "Landlord and Tenant Act 1987",
  "long_title": "An Act to confer on tenants of flats rights with respect to the acquisition by them of their landlord’s reversion; to make provision for the appointment of a manager at the instance of such tenants and for the variation of long leases held by such tenants; to make further provision with respect to service charges payable by tenants of flats and other dwellings; to make other provision with respect to such tenants; to make further provision with respect to the permissible purposes and objects of registered housing associations as regards the management of leasehold property; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "1987 c. 31",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1987",
  "number": "31",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1987-05-15",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-06-29",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "unapplied_effects": 41,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Tenants’ Rights of First Refusal",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Preliminary",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Qualifying tenants to have rights of first refusal on disposals by landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Landlords for the purposes of Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Qualifying tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Relevant disposals.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4A",
      "heading": "Application of provisions to contracts.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-4A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/preliminary"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Rights of first refusal",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Landlord required to serve offer notice on tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5A",
      "heading": "Offer notice: requirements in case of contract to be completed by conveyance, &c.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5B",
      "heading": "Offer notice: requirements in case of sale by auction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5C",
      "heading": "Offer notice: requirements in case of grant or option or right of pre-emption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5D",
      "heading": "Offer notice: requirements in case of conveyance not preceded by contract, &c.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5E",
      "heading": "Offer notice: disposal for non-monetary consideration.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-5E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Acceptance of landlord’s offer: general provisions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Failure to accept landlord’s offer or to make nomination.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Landlord’s obligations in case of acceptance and nomination.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8A",
      "heading": "Landlord’s obligation: general provisions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8B",
      "heading": "Landlord’s obligation: election in case of sale at auction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8C",
      "heading": "Election in case of disposal for non-monetary consideration.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8C",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8D",
      "heading": "Disposal in pursuance of option or right of pre-emption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8E",
      "heading": "Covenant, &c affecting landlord’s power to dispose.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-8E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9A",
      "heading": "Notice of withdrawal by nominated person.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-9A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9B",
      "heading": "Notice of withdrawal by landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-9B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Withdrawal of either party from transaction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Lapse of landlord’s offer.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10A",
      "heading": "Offence of failure to comply with requirements of Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-10A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-conferring-rights-of-first-refusal"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Enforcement by tenants of rights against purchaser",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Circumstances in which tenants’ rights enforceable against purchaser",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11A",
      "heading": "Right to information as to terms of disposal, &c.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-11A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12A",
      "heading": "Right of qualifying tenants to take benefit of contract.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-12A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12B",
      "heading": "Right of qualifying tenants to compel sale, &c. by purchaser.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-12B",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12C",
      "heading": "Right of qualifying tenants to compel grant of new tenancy by superior landlord",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-12C",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12D",
      "heading": "Nominated persons: supplementary provisions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-12D",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Right of qualifying tenants to compel sale etc. by new landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Determination of questions by leasehold valuation tribunal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Withdrawal of nominated person from transaction under s.12B or 12C.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Right of qualifying tenants to compel grant of new tenancy by superior landlord.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-new-landlords"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-subsequent-purchasers",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Enforcement by tenants of rights against subsequent purchasers",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Rights of qualifying tenants against subsequent purchaser.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/enforcement-by-tenants-of-rights-against-subsequent-purchasers"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/termination-of-rights-against-new-landlords-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Termination of rights against purchasers or subsequent purchasers",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Termination of rights against purchaser or subsequent purchaser.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/termination-of-rights-against-new-landlords-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/notices-served-by-prospective-purchasers",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Notices served by prospective purchasers",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Notices served by prospective purchasers to ensure that rights of first refusal do not arise.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/notices-served-by-prospective-purchasers"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Supplementary",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18A",
      "heading": "The requisite majority of qualifying tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-18A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Enforcement of obligations under Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-19",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Construction of Part I and power of Secretary of State to prescribe modifications.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-20",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Appointment of Managers by a ... Tribunal",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Tenant’s right to apply to court for appointment of manager.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-21",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Preliminary notice by tenant.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Application to court for appointment of manager.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-23",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Appointment of manager by a ... tribunal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-24",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24ZA",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24ZA",
      "heading": "Application for appointment of manager by special measures manager",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-24ZA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24A",
      "heading": "Jurisdiction of leasehold valuation tribunal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-24A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24B",
      "heading": "Leasehold valuation tribunal: applications and fees.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-24B",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Compulsory Acquisition by Tenants of their Landlord’s Interest",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Compulsory acquisition of landlord’s interest by qualifying tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Qualifying tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-26",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Preliminary notice by tenants.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Applications for acquisition orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/section-28",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29",
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      "heading": "Conditions for making acquisition orders.",
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      "heading": "Content of acquisition orders.",
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      "path": "part/IV",
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      "path": "part/IV/crossheading/orders-varying-leases",
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      "path": "part/IV/crossheading/applications-relating-to-dwellings-other-than-flats",
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      "path": "part/V/crossheading/service-charges",
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      "path": "part/V/crossheading/insurance",
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      "path": "part/V/crossheading/managing-agents",
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      "path": "section/45",
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      "path": "part/VI",
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      "heading": "Building safety information to be contained in demands for rent etc: England",
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      "path": "section/51",
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      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
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      "path": "schedule/1/part/I",
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      "path": "schedule/1/part/I/crossheading/savings",
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      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 11 para. 19(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(2)",
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      "affecting_title": "Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 53(8)s. 53(9)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
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      "affecting_title": "Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024",
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      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(2A)",
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      "affecting_title": "Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024",
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      "type": "words omitted",
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    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35(2)",
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    {
      "type": "words substituted",
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    {
      "type": "words substituted",
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      "affecting_provisions": "s. 53(10)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 42 heading",
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      "type": "words substituted",
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    {
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 42(6)",
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      "affecting_provisions": "s. 55(4)(a)"
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      "affecting_title": "Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 55(4)(b)"
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      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 11 para. 19(a)"
    }
  ],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 257,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 20,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/landlord-and-tenant-act-1987/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1987/31",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:52:33.693931+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}