{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1985/23",
  "title": "Prosecution of Offences Act 1985",
  "short_title": "Prosecution of Offences Act 1985",
  "long_title": "An Act to provide for the establishment of a Crown Prosecution Service for England and Wales; to make provision as to costs in criminal cases; to provide for the imposition of time limits in relation to preliminary stages of criminal proceedings; to amend section 42 of the Supreme Court Act 1981 and section 3 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969; to make provision with respect to consents to prosecutions; to repeal section 9 of the Perjury Act 1911; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "1985 c. 23",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1985",
  "number": "23",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1985-05-23",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-06-29",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "unapplied_effects": 3,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "The Crown Prosecution Service",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Constitution and functions of Service",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "The Crown Prosecution Service.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "The Director of Public Prosecutions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Functions of the Director.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
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      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Crown Prosecutors.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Conduct of prosecutions on behalf of the Service.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
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      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Prosecutions instituted and conducted otherwise than by the Service.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Delivery of recognizances etc. to Director.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/constitution-and-functions-of-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7A",
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      "number": "7A",
      "heading": "Powers of non-legal staff.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-7A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/reports",
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      "heading": "Reports",
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    },
    {
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      "heading": "Reports to Director by chief officers of police.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-8",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Reports by Director to Attorney General.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-9",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/guidelines",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "heading": "Guidelines for Crown Prosecutors.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/transfer-of-staff-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
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      "heading": "Transfer of staff, etc.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "heading": "Transfer of staff.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-11",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/transfer-of-staff-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
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      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Staff commission.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Premises formerly used in connection with Director’s new functions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/miscellaneous",
      "kind": "crossheading",
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      "heading": "Miscellaneous",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
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      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Control of certain fees and expenses etc. paid by the Service.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Part I.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/miscellaneous"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Defence, prosecution and third party Costs in Criminal Cases",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-out-of-central-funds",
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      "heading": "Award of costs out of central funds",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
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      "heading": "Defence costs.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-out-of-central-funds"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16A",
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      "number": "16A",
      "heading": "Legal costs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-16A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-out-of-central-funds"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Prosecution costs.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-out-of-central-funds"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-against-accused",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Award of costs against accused",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Award of costs against accused.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/award-of-costs-against-accused"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/other-awards",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Other awards",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Provision for orders as to costs in other circumstances.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-19",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19A",
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      "number": "19A",
      "heading": "Costs against legal representatives etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-19A",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19B",
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      "heading": "Provision for award of costs against third parties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-19B",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental",
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      "heading": "Supplemental",
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    {
      "path": "section/20",
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      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Regulations.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-20",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
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      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Interpretation, etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/2A",
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      "number": "2A",
      "heading": "Court costs in criminal cases",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21A",
      "heading": "Criminal courts charge",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/21B",
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      "number": "21B",
      "heading": "Criminal courts charge: courts and times",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21B",
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    {
      "path": "section/21C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21C",
      "heading": "Amount of criminal courts charge",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21C",
      "extent": "E+W",
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      "parent": "part/2A"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21D",
      "heading": "Interest on criminal courts charge",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21D",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/21E",
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      "number": "21E",
      "heading": "Power to remit criminal courts charge",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21E",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    {
      "path": "section/21F",
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      "heading": "Regulations under this Part",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-21F",
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    {
      "path": "part/III",
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    {
      "path": "section/22",
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      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Power of Secretary of State to set time limits in relation to preliminary stages of criminal proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/22A",
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      "heading": "Additional time limits for persons under 18.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-22A",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    {
      "path": "section/22B",
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      "number": "22B",
      "heading": "Re-institution of proceedings stayed under section 22(4) or 22A(5).",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
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      "heading": "Discontinuance of proceedings in magistrates’ courts.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-23",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/23A",
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      "heading": "Discontinuance of proceedings after accused has been sent for trial.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-23A",
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    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "heading": "Restriction of vexatious prosecutions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-24",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
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      "heading": "Consents to prosecutions etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-25",
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    {
      "path": "section/26",
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      "heading": "Consents to be admissible in evidence.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-27",
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      "path": "section/28",
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      "path": "part/IV",
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    },
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    },
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      "path": "section/30",
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      "heading": "Expenses.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/section-30",
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      "heading": "Short title, commencement and extent etc.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/part/I",
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      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Amendments Relating to Part I",
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/part/I/crossheading/the-magistrates-courts-act-1980-c-43",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "The Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)",
      "url": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/paragraph/1",
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/prosecution-of-offences-act-1985/schedule-1/paragraph-1",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/paragraph/2",
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    {
      "path": "schedule/1/paragraph/3",
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      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/part/I/crossheading/the-contempt-of-court-act-1981-c-49",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "The Contempt of Court Act 1981 (c. 49)",
      "url": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "schedule/1/paragraph/4",
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