{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025.json",
  "id": "ukpga/2025/28",
  "title": "Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025",
  "short_title": "Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025",
  "long_title": "An Act to make provision about the prevention of fraud against public authorities and the making of erroneous payments by public authorities; about the recovery of money paid by public authorities as a result of fraud or error; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "2025 c. 28",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "2025",
  "number": "28",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2025-12-02",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-10-26",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Functions exercisable on behalf of public authorities",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/1",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Key concepts",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Core functions of the Minister for the Cabinet Office",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Interaction with other public authorities etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Investigatory powers",
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      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/information",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Information",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Information notices",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/information"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
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      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Information sharing",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/information"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
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      "heading": "Amendment of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/powers-of-entry-search-and-seizure-etc",
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      "heading": "Powers of entry, search and seizure etc",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
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      "heading": "Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 etc powers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-7",
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    },
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      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Disposal of property",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/powers-of-entry-search-and-seizure-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Incidents etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/powers-of-entry-search-and-seizure-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3",
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      "heading": "Rights to recover",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/recovery-of-recoverable-amounts",
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      "heading": "Recovery of recoverable amounts",
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    },
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      "path": "section/10",
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      "heading": "Acting for another public authority",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "heading": "Recovery notices",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Restriction on availability of powers: claimed amounts",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/recovery-of-recoverable-amounts"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/recovery-of-other-amounts",
      "kind": "crossheading",
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      "heading": "Recovery of other amounts",
      "url": null,
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Penalties etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
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      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Restriction on availability of powers: penalties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4",
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      "heading": "Methods of recovery",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/introduction",
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      "heading": "Introduction",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Payable amounts",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/recovery-as-if-payable-under-a-court-order",
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      "heading": "Recovery as if payable under a court order",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
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      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Recovery orders",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/recovery-as-if-payable-under-a-court-order"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/recovery-from-bank-accounts-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
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      "heading": "Recovery from bank accounts etc",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Direct deduction orders",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Accounts which may be subject to a direct deduction order",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-18",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Requirement for banks to provide information",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
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      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Joint accounts",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-20",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/recovery-from-bank-accounts-etc"
    },
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      "path": "section/21",
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      "heading": "Further requirements before making a direct deduction order",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-21",
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    },
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      "path": "section/22",
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      "heading": "Amount of deductions",
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      "path": "section/23",
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      "heading": "Content and effect of direct deduction orders",
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    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "heading": "Bank’s administrative costs",
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      "extent": "E+W",
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      "path": "section/25",
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    },
    {
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      "extent": "E+W",
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      "path": "section/28",
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      "path": "section/30",
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      "path": "section/31",
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      "heading": "Further information notices",
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    },
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      "path": "section/32",
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      "heading": "Suspension of direct deduction orders",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-32",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Cessation on death of liable person",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-33",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    },
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      "path": "section/34",
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      "path": "section/35",
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      "path": "section/36",
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      "path": "section/37",
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    },
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      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/deduction-from-earnings",
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    },
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      "path": "section/39",
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      "path": "section/41",
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      "path": "section/42",
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      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
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      "path": "section/43",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "43",
      "heading": "The employer’s administrative costs",
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      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/deduction-from-earnings"
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      "path": "section/44",
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      "extent": "E+W",
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      "path": "section/45",
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      "heading": "Duty to notify the Minister of change of circumstances",
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      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/46",
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    {
      "path": "section/47",
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