{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-52",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025/section-52.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/2025/28",
  "legislation_title": "Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-authorities-fraud-error-and-recovery-act-2025",
  "path": "section/52",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "52",
  "heading": "Application to members etc of bodies",
  "text": "(1) Subsection (2) applies where a body is liable to receive a penalty under section 51 by reason of anything which the Minister is satisfied, on the balance of probabilities, was done or not done with the consent or connivance of—\n(a) a relevant individual in relation to the body, or\n(b) an individual purporting to act in the capacity of a relevant individual in relation to the body.\n(2) The Minister may impose a penalty under section 51 on the individual as well as on the body.\n(3) In this section, “relevant individual” means—\n(a) in relation to a body corporate other than one whose affairs are managed by its members, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body;\n(b) in relation to a limited liability partnership or other body corporate whose affairs are managed by its members, a member who exercises functions of management with respect to it;\n(c) in relation to a limited partnership, a general partner (within the meaning given by section 3 of the Limited Partnerships Act 1907);\n(d) in relation to any other partnership, a partner;\n(e) in relation to an unincorporated association, a person who exercises functions of management with respect to it.",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "S. 52 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 109(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I2",
      "text": "S. 52 in force at 1.4.2026 by S.I. 2026/371, reg. 2(a)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/52",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-31T10:27:04.329230+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}