{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1998/23",
  "title": "Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998",
  "short_title": "Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998",
  "long_title": "An Act to protect individuals who make certain disclosures of information in the public interest; to allow such individuals to bring action in respect of victimisation; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "1998 c. 23",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1998",
  "number": "23",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1998-07-02",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2004-04-01",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Protected disclosures.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
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      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Right not to suffer detriment.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Complaints to employment tribunal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Limit on amount of compensation.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Unfair dismissal.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Redundancy.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Exclusion of restrictions on right not to be unfairly dismissed.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Interim relief.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Crown employment.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
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      "heading": "Work outside Great Britain.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
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      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Police officers.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Remedy for infringement of rights.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "heading": "Interpretative provisions of 1996 Act.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-15",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Dismissal of those taking part in unofficial industrial action.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Corresponding provision for Northern Ireland.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Short title, interpretation, commencement and extent.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    }
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      "date": "2015-02-15",
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/pdf/ukpga_19980023_en.pdf",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/23/pdfs/ukpga_19980023_en.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
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  "changes_made_to": 3,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/changes.json",
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  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-interest-disclosure-act-1998/changes/by-it.json",
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  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/23",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:22:46.994839+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}