{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1981/14",
  "title": "Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981",
  "short_title": "Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981",
  "long_title": "An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to public passenger vehicles.",
  "citation": "1981 c. 14",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1981",
  "number": "14",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1981-04-15",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-08-05",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "unapplied_effects": 16,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Preliminary",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/definition-and-classification-of-public-service-vehicles",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Definition and classification of public service vehicles",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Definition of “public service vehicle”.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/definition-and-classification-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/definition-and-classification-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Traffic Areas and Traffic commissioners",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Traffic areas.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Traffic commissioners.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4A",
      "heading": "Appointment of senior traffic commissioner",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-4A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4B",
      "heading": "Power of senior traffic commissioner to deploy other commissioners",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-4B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4C",
      "heading": "Power of senior traffic commissioner to give guidance and directions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-4C",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4D",
      "heading": "Guidance to senior traffic commissioner by Secretary of State",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-4D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Publication of information by traffic commissioners.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/traffic-areas-and-traffic-commissioners"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "General Provisions Relating to Public Service Vehicles",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Fitness of public service vehicles",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Certificate of initial fitness (or equivalent) required for use as public service vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Powers of, and facilities for, inspection of public service vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9A",
      "heading": "Extension of sections 8 and 9 to certain passenger vehicles other than public service vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-9A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Approval of type vehicle and effect thereof.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Modification of section 6 in relation to experimental vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-11",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fitness-of-public-service-vehicles"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Public service vehicle operators’ licences",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "PSV operators’ licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12A",
      "heading": "Detention of certain PSVs used without PSV operators' licences",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-12A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12B",
      "heading": "Power to stop",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-12B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Classification of licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-13",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Grant of licences",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14ZA",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14ZA",
      "heading": "Requirements for standard licences",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-14ZA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14ZB",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14ZB",
      "heading": "Requirements for restricted licences",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-14ZB",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14ZC",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14ZC",
      "heading": "Requirements for standard and restricted licences",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-14ZC",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14A",
      "heading": "Objections to application for PSV operator’s licence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-14A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Duration of licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Conditions attached to licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16A",
      "heading": "Conditions as to matters required to be notified.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-16A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Revocation, suspension etc. of licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17A",
      "heading": "Assessors to assist traffic commissioners.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-17A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Duty to exhibit operator’s disc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Duty to inform traffic commissioners of relevant convictions etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Duty to give traffic commissioners information about vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Certificates of qualification.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-21",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/public-service-vehicle-operators-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/drivers-licences",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Drivers’ licences",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Drivers’ licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/drivers-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Appeals to courts of summary jurisdiction in connection with driver’s licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-23",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/drivers-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23A",
      "heading": "Northern Ireland drivers’ licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-23A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/drivers-licences"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/regulation-of-conduct-etc-of-drivers-inspectors-conductors-and-passengers",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Regulation of conduct etc. of drivers, inspectors, conductors and passengers",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Regulation of conduct of drivers, inspectors and conductors.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-24",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/regulation-of-conduct-etc-of-drivers-inspectors-conductors-and-passengers"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Regulation of conduct of passengers.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/regulation-of-conduct-etc-of-drivers-inspectors-conductors-and-passengers"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Control of number of passengers.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-26",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/regulation-of-conduct-etc-of-drivers-inspectors-conductors-and-passengers"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary-provisions",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Supplementary provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-28",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Avoidance of contracts so far as restrictive of liability in respect of death of or injury to passengers in public service vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-29",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2A",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "2A",
      "heading": "Safeguarding duty: drivers of school services",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29A",
      "heading": "Duty to check barring information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-29A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2A"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29B",
      "heading": "Application of section 29A duty: services in Wales",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-29B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2A"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29C",
      "heading": "Interpretation of Part 2A",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-29C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2A"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": null,
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/30",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "30–41",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-30",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/IV",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": null,
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/42",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "42–45",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/public-passenger-vehicles-act-1981/section-42",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/IV/crossheading/farepaying-passengers-on-school-buses",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Fare-paying passengers on school buses",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/46",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Fare-paying passengers on school buses.",
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      "heading": "Review of decisions.",
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      "heading": "Appeals to the Upper Tribunal",
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      "path": "schedule/1/paragraph/3",
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