{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1988/52",
  "title": "Road Traffic Act 1988",
  "short_title": "Road Traffic Act 1988",
  "long_title": "An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to road traffic with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.",
  "citation": "1988 c. 52",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1988",
  "number": "52",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1988-11-15",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-10-05",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 295,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
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      "heading": "Principal Road Safety Provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences",
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      "heading": "Driving offences",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
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      "heading": "Causing death by dangerous driving.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1A",
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      "number": "1A",
      "heading": "Causing serious injury by dangerous driving",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-1A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
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      "heading": "Dangerous driving.",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/2A",
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      "heading": "Meaning of dangerous driving.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-2A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2B",
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      "heading": "Causing death by careless, or inconsiderate, driving",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-2B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2C",
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      "heading": "Causing serious injury by careless, or inconsiderate, driving",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-2C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Careless, and inconsiderate, driving.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3ZA",
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      "number": "3ZA",
      "heading": "Meaning of careless, or inconsiderate, driving",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3ZA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3ZB",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3ZB",
      "heading": "Causing death by driving: unlicensed... or uninsured drivers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3ZB",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
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      "path": "section/3ZC",
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      "heading": "Causing death by driving: disqualified drivers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3ZC",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/3ZD",
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      "heading": "Causing serious injury by driving: disqualified drivers",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3ZD",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/driving-offences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3A",
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      "heading": "Causing death by careless driving when under influence of drink or drugs.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-3A",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs",
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      "heading": "Motor vehicles: drink and drugs",
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    {
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      "heading": "Driving, or being in charge, when under influence of drink or drugs.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-4",
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    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "heading": "Driving or being in charge of a motor vehicle with alcohol concentration above prescribed limit.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/5A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5A",
      "heading": "Driving or being in charge of a motor vehicle with concentration of specified controlled drug above specified limit",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-5A",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Power to administer preliminary tests",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6A",
      "heading": "Preliminary breath test",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/6B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6B",
      "heading": "Preliminary impairment test",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6C",
      "heading": "Preliminary drug test",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6C",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6D",
      "heading": "Arrest",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6D",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6E",
      "heading": "Power of entry",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-6E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Provision of specimens for analysis.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7A",
      "heading": "Specimens of blood taken from persons incapable of consenting",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-7A",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Breath specimen showing higher alcohol level to be disregarded.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Protection for hospital patients.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Detention of persons affected by alcohol or a drug.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Interpretation of sections 4 to 10.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-vehicles-drink-and-drugs"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Motor racing on public ways",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Motor racing on public ways.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12A",
      "heading": "Motor race orders: England and Wales: overview",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12B",
      "heading": "Permission to apply for motor race order",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12C",
      "heading": "Application for motor race order",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12D",
      "heading": "Determination of applications for motor race orders",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12E",
      "heading": "Effect of motor race order",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12E",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12F",
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      "number": "12F",
      "heading": "Regulations by appropriate national authority: procedure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12F",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12G",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12G",
      "heading": "Authorisation of races and trials of speed in Scotland",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12G",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12H",
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      "number": "12H",
      "heading": "Races and trials of speed in Scotland: further provision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12H",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12I",
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      "number": "12I",
      "heading": "Regulations under section 12G or 12H: procedure",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-12I",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/motor-racing-and-motoring-events-on-public-ways"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/other-motor-events",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Other motor events",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
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      "heading": "Regulation of motoring events on public ways.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/other-motor-events"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13A",
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      "number": "13A",
      "heading": "Disapplication of sections 1 to 3 for authorised motoring events.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-13A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/other-motor-events"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Protective measures: seat belts, helmets, etc.",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Seat belts: adults.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Restriction on carrying children not wearing seat belts in motor vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15A",
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      "number": "15A",
      "heading": "Safety equipment for children in motor vehicles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-15A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15B",
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      "number": "15B",
      "heading": "Requirement to notify bus passengers to wear seat belts",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-15B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
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      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Wearing of protective headgear.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-16",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Protective helmets for motor cyclists.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Authorisation of head-worn appliances for use on motor cycles.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/protective-measures-seat-belts-helmets-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Stopping on verges, etc., or in dangerous positions, etc.",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Prohibition of parking of HGVs on verges, central reservations and footways.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19A",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-19A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Definition of “heavy commercial vehicle” for the purposes of section 19.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-20",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Prohibition of driving or parking on cycle tracks.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-21",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Leaving vehicles in dangerous positions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22A",
      "heading": "Causing danger to road-users.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-22A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/stopping-on-verges-etc-or-in-dangerous-positions-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/other-restrictions-in-interests-of-safety",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Other restrictions in interests of safety",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
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      "heading": "Restriction of carriage of persons on motor cycles.",
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      "heading": "Vehicles and parts not to be sold without required certificate of conformity or Minister’s approval certificate.",
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      "heading": "Testing of condition of vehicles on roads.",
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      "heading": "Inspection of public passenger vehicles and goods vehicles.",
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      "path": "part/II/crossheading/prohibition-of-unfit-vehicles",
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      "heading": "Power to prohibit driving of unfit vehicles.",
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      "heading": "Power to prohibit driving of overloaded goods vehicles.",
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      "heading": "Official testing stations.",
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      "heading": "Provisions supplementary to sections 69 to 72.",
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      "heading": "Approval marks.",
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      "heading": "Index to Part II.",
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      "heading": "Grant of licences.",
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      "path": "section/99",
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      "path": "section/99ZA",
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      "heading": "Authorisation to drive in Great Britain.",
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      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/disabled-persons-emergency-control-certificates-etc"
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      "path": "section/133D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "133D",
      "heading": "Offences relating to giving by disabled person of paid driving instruction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-133D",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/disabled-persons-emergency-control-certificates-etc"
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      "path": "section/133E",
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      "heading": "Direction to disregard emergency control assessment requirement",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/disabled-persons-emergency-control-certificates-etc"
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    {
      "path": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental",
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      "path": "section/134",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "134",
      "heading": "Power to alter conditions for entry or retention in, and removal from, register and for grant or revocation of licences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-134",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental"
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      "path": "section/135",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "135",
      "heading": "Power to prescribe form of certificate of registration, etc.",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental"
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      "path": "section/136",
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      "heading": "Surrender of certificates and licences.",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental"
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      "path": "section/137",
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      "heading": "Production of certificates and licences to constables and authorised persons.",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental"
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      "path": "section/138",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "138",
      "heading": "Offences by corporations.",
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      "path": "section/139",
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      "heading": "Service of notices.",
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      "parent": "part/V/crossheading/general-and-supplemental"
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      "path": "section/140",
      "kind": "section",
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      "heading": "Receipts.",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/141",
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      "heading": "Regulations.",
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      "path": "section/141A",
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      "heading": "Meaning of “motor car\".",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/142",
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      "heading": "Index to Part V.",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "part/VI",
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      "number": "VI",
      "heading": "Third-Party Liabilities",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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      "path": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Compulsory insurance ...",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI"
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    {
      "path": "section/143",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "143",
      "heading": "Users of motor vehicles to be insured ... .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-143",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/144",
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      "number": "144",
      "heading": "Exceptions from requirement of third-party insurance ... .",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/144A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "144A",
      "heading": "Offence of keeping vehicle which does not meet insurance requirements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-144A",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/144B",
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      "heading": "Exceptions to section 144A offence",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/144C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "144C",
      "heading": "Fixed penalty notices",
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      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/144D",
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      "number": "144D",
      "heading": "Section 144A offence: supplementary",
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      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/145",
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      "number": "145",
      "heading": "Requirements in respect of policies of insurance.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-145",
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      "path": "section/146",
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      "number": "146",
      "heading": "Requirements in respect of securities.",
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      "path": "section/147",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "147",
      "heading": "Issue ... of certificates of insurance ... .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-147",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/148",
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      "number": "148",
      "heading": "Avoidance of certain exceptions to policies ... .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-148",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/149",
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      "heading": "Avoidance of certain agreements as to liability towards passengers.",
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      "path": "section/150",
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      "heading": "Insurance ... in respect of private use of vehicle to cover use under car-sharing arrangements.",
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      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/151",
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      "heading": "Duty of insurers ... to satisfy judgment against persons insured ... .",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/VI/crossheading/compulsory-insurance-or-security-against-thirdparty-risks"
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      "path": "section/152",
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      "heading": "Exceptions to section 151.",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/153",
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      "number": "153",
      "heading": "Bankruptcy, etc., of insured ... persons not to affect claims by third parties.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-153",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/154",
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      "heading": "Duty to give information as to insurance ... where claim made.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-154",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/155",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "155",
      "heading": "Deposits.",
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      "path": "section/156",
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      "number": "156",
      "heading": "Power to require evidence of insurance ... on application for vehicle excise licence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-156",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "part/VI/crossheading/retained-eu-law-relating-to-compulsory-insurance",
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      "path": "section/156A",
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      "heading": "Assimilated law relating to compulsory insurance",
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      "path": "part/VI/crossheading/payments-for-treatment-of-traffic-casualties",
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      "path": "section/157",
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      "heading": "Payment for hospital treatment of traffic casualties.",
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      "path": "section/158",
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      "heading": "Payment for emergency treatment of traffic casualties.",
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      "path": "section/159",
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      "heading": "Supplementary provisions as to payments for treatment.",
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      "path": "part/VI/crossheading/general",
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      "path": "section/159A",
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      "heading": "Disclosure of information",
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      "path": "section/160",
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      "heading": "Regulations.",
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      "path": "section/161",
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      "heading": "Interpretation.",
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      "path": "section/162",
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      "heading": "Index to Part VI.",
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      "path": "part/VII",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/requirement-for-approval-of-persons-to-assist-at-tests",
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      "path": "section/162A",
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      "heading": "Approved test assistants",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/powers-of-constables-and-other-authorised-persons",
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      "path": "section/163",
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      "heading": "Power of police to stop vehicles.",
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      "path": "section/164",
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      "heading": "Power of constables to require production of driving licence and in certain cases statement of date of birth.",
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      "path": "section/165",
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      "heading": "Power of constables to obtain names and addresses of drivers and others, and to require production of evidence of insurance ... and test certificates.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-165",
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      "path": "section/165A",
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      "heading": "Power to seize vehicles driven without licence or insurance",
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      "path": "section/165B",
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      "path": "section/166",
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      "heading": "Powers of certain officers as respects goods vehicles and passenger-carrying vehicles.",
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      "path": "section/167",
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      "heading": "Power of arrest in Scotland for reckless or careless driving or cycling.",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/duty-to-give-name-and-address",
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      "path": "section/168",
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      "heading": "Failure to give, or giving false, name and address in case of reckless or careless or inconsiderate driving or cycling.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/section-168",
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      "path": "section/169",
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      "heading": "Pedestrian contravening constable’s direction to stop to give name and address.",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/duties-in-case-of-accident",
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      "path": "section/170",
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      "heading": "Duty of driver to stop, report accident and give information or documents.",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/other-duties-to-give-information-or-documents",
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      "heading": "Other duties to give information or documents",
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      "path": "section/171",
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      "heading": "Duty of owner of motor vehicle to give information for verifying compliance with requirement of compulsory insurance ... .",
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      "path": "section/172",
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      "heading": "Duty to give information as to identity of driver etc in certain circumstances.",
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    {
      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/forgery-false-statements-etc",
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      "path": "section/174",
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      "path": "section/175",
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      "path": "section/176",
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      "path": "section/177",
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      "heading": "Taking motor vehicle without authority, etc.",
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      "path": "section/180",
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      "heading": "General provisions as to inquiries.",
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      "path": "section/181",
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      "path": "section/182",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/application-to-the-crown",
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      "heading": "Application to the Crown.",
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      "path": "section/184",
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      "path": "part/VII/crossheading/interpretation",
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      "path": "section/185",
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      "heading": "Meaning of “motor vehicle” and other expressions relating to vehicles.",
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      "path": "section/186",
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      "heading": "Supplementary provisions about those expressions.",
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      "path": "section/187",
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      "heading": "Articulated vehicles.",
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      "path": "section/188",
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      "path": "section/189",
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      "heading": "General interpretation of Act.",
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      "path": "section/193",
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      "number": "193",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
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      "path": "section/193A",
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      "path": "section/194",
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      "heading": "General index.",
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      "heading": "Provisions as to regulations.",
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      "path": "schedule/1",
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      "path": "schedule/4/paragraph/10",
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    {
      "path": "schedule/4/paragraph/11",
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      "status": "repealed",
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  "outstanding_effects": [
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      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 45(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 21(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 57(3)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 57(2)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 17(1)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 22(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/1982/49",
      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 24(1)"
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    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
      "type": "substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
      "type": "substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 1982",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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      "type": "word substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 192",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 19"
    },
    {
      "type": "words added",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 85",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Traffic (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988",
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    {
      "type": "words added",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 124(2)",
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      "affecting_title": "Police Act 1997",
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    },
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      "type": "added",
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      "affecting_title": "Police Act 1997",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(5)",
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      "affecting_title": "Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act 2000",
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    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(3)",
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      "affecting_title": "Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000",
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    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(4)",
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      "affecting_title": "Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 21(2)(b)",
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      "affecting_title": "Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 29 para. 6"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(11)",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    {
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 31 Pt. 5(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(8A)",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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      "type": "words repealed",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 89(6)",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 97(1)",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
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    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(4A)",
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      "affecting_title": "Transport Act 2000",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 29 para. 5(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2003/44",
      "affecting_title": "Criminal Justice Act 2003",
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    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "words repealed",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 10 Sch. 7(4)"
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    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 123",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 136 heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137 heading",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 140 heading",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "words inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 42(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
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    {
      "type": "inserted",
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      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 56(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 89(1)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(1)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 89(1)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(1)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 89(1)(e)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(1)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 97(1)(c)(ia)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 6(2)(b) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 97(1AA)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 6(3)(a) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 97(1AA)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 6(3)(b) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 97(1ZA)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 98(1)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(3)(a) Sch. 7(11)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 98(1)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(3)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 98A(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 8(2) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 98A(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 8(3) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 125A(5)-(7)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(5)-(7E)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(e)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(f)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125A(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 6(4)(g)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125B(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 7(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125B(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 7(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125B(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125B(6)(7)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 7(5) Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 126",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 8"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(1)-(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 9(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(7)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 9(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(7A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 9(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(8)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 9(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 10"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128A",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 11"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 129",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 12 Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 130",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 12 Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(1)(a)-(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(3) Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 131(3)(b) and word",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(3)(b)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(4B)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(4D)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(7)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(4D)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(7)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131(4F)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 13(8)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for ss. 132, 133 and cross-heading",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 132-133ZA and cross-heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 14"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 15"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 16(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 16(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(4)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 16(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133C(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 17(2) Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133C(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 17(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 18(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 18(2) Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(2)(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 18(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 18(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 134",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 19"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 135",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 20"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 136",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 21(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 136",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 21(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(2)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(2)(b) Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(2)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 137(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 22(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 140(1)(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 23(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "s. 140 renumbered as s. 140(3)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 140(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 23(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 141A",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 25"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 141A(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 24 Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 25 Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 26"
    },
    {
      "type": "word repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 173(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 7(10)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 173(2)(g)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 173(2)(g)-(gb)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 27"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 173(2)(n) and word",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 37(8)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 173(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 28(3) Sch. 7(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 174(1)(da)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 28"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 183(6A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 29"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 30 Sch. 7(14)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(4)(a) Sch. 7(11)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(4)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 195(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 38(4)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128ZB",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142 Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 1(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128(7A)-(7G)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(9)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 124(3)-(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 3"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128ZA",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 1(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 123(1)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 123A(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 1(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 123(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 129(9)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 123(1)(a)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 1(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 131A and cross-heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 130(7)-(13)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 164(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/24",
      "affecting_title": "Welfare Reform Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 7 Pt. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 15(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 124(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 2(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 14(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 15(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 15(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 142",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 15(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 14(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(3A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 14(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A cross-heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(7)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(2)(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 14(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133D(1A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 14(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133C(2)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 13(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133C(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 13(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(5A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 12(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 12(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 12(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(2A)",
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      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 12(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133B(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 12(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(10)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(7)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(6)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(3)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(6)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(3)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(2)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(2)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(2)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133A(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 11(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133(2)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 10(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 133(2)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 10(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128B",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 9"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128(2)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 8(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 128(2)(a) and word",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 8(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(4)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 7(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 127(4)(a) and word",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 7(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 126(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 6"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA(4)(ca)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA(4)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA(4)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA(4)(ba)(bb)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 125ZA(2)(d) and word",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2015/20",
      "affecting_title": "Deregulation Act 2015",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2 para. 4(2)(b)"
    }
  ],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 1330,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 515,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-act-1988/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/52",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:47:34.565959+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}