{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1988/53",
  "title": "Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988",
  "short_title": "Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988",
  "long_title": "An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to the prosecution and punishment (including the punishment without conviction) of road traffic offences with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission.",
  "citation": "1988 c. 53",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1988",
  "number": "53",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1988-11-15",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-10-01",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 91,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
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      "heading": "Introductory",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
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      "heading": "Requirement of warning etc. of prosecutions for certain offences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-1",
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    },
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      "path": "section/2",
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      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Requirement of warning etc: supplementary.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-2",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "heading": "Restriction on institution of proceedings for certain offences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-3",
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    {
      "path": "section/4",
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      "heading": "Offences for which local authorities in England and Wales may institute proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "heading": "Exemption from Licensing Act offence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-5",
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      "path": "section/6",
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      "heading": "Time within which summary proceedings for certain offences must be commenced.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-6",
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      "path": "section/7",
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      "heading": "Duty of accused to provide licence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-7",
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      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Duty to include date of birth and sex in written plea of guilty.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-8",
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      "heading": "Jurisdiction of district court in Scotland.",
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    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "heading": "Evidence by certificate as to driver, user or owner.",
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      "path": "section/12",
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      "heading": "Proof, in summary proceedings, of identity of driver of vehicle.",
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      "path": "section/13",
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      "heading": "Admissibility of records as evidence.",
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      "path": "section/14",
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      "heading": "Use of records kept by operators of goods vehicles.",
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    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Use of specimens in proceedings for an offence under any of sections 3A to 5A of the Road Traffic Act.",
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      "path": "section/16",
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      "heading": "Documentary evidence as to specimens in such proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-16",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Provisions as to proceedings for certain offences in connection with the construction and use of vehicles and equipment.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
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      "path": "section/18",
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      "heading": "Evidence by certificate as to registration of driving instructors and licences to give instruction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "heading": "Evidence of disqualification in Scotland.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-19",
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      "path": "section/20",
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      "heading": "Speeding offences etc: admissibility of certain evidence.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-20",
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      "path": "section/21",
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      "heading": "Proceedings in which evidence of one witness sufficient in Scotland.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-21",
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    {
      "path": "section/22",
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      "heading": "Notification of disability.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/verdict",
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      "heading": "Verdict",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
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      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Alternative verdicts in Scotland.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-23",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "heading": "Alternative verdicts: general.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-24",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/verdict"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/after-conviction",
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      "heading": "After conviction",
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    },
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      "path": "section/25",
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      "path": "section/26",
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      "heading": "Interim disqualification.",
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    {
      "path": "part/II",
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      "status": null,
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    {
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      "path": "section/27",
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      "heading": "Production of licence.",
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      "path": "section/28",
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      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Penalty points to be attributed to an offence.",
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    {
      "path": "section/29",
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      "heading": "Penalty points to be taken into account on conviction.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-29",
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      "path": "section/30",
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      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Penalty points: modification where fixed penalty also in question.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-30",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
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      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Court may take particulars endorsed ... into consideration.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-31",
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    {
      "path": "section/32",
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      "number": "32",
      "heading": "In Scotland, court may take extract from licensing records into account.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-32",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/fine-and-imprisonment",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
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      "heading": "Fine and imprisonment.",
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fine-and-imprisonment"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/33A",
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      "number": "33A",
      "heading": "Forfeiture of vehicles: Scotland.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-33A",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fine-and-imprisonment"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/disqualification",
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    {
      "path": "section/34",
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      "heading": "Disqualification for certain offences.",
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    {
      "path": "section/34A",
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      "heading": "Reduced disqualification period for attendance on courses.",
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    {
      "path": "section/34B",
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      "heading": "Certificates of completion of courses.",
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    {
      "path": "section/34BA",
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      "heading": "Approval of courses",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-34BA",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/disqualification"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34C",
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      "number": "34C",
      "heading": "Provisions supplementary to sections 34A and 34B.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-34C",
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    {
      "path": "section/35",
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      "heading": "Disqualification for repeated offences.",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/35A",
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      "heading": "Extension of disqualification where custodial sentence also imposed",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-35A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/35B",
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      "heading": "Effect of custodial sentence in other cases",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-35B",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/35C",
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      "heading": "Extension of disqualification where sentence of imprisonment also imposed: Scotland",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-35C",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/35D",
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      "heading": "Effect of sentence of imprisonment in other cases: Scotland",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-35D",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
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      "path": "section/36",
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      "heading": "Disqualification until test is passed.",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/37",
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      "heading": "Effect of order of disqualification.",
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    {
      "path": "section/37A",
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      "heading": "Surrender of licence to Secretary of State where disqualified",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-37A",
      "extent": null,
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      "path": "section/38",
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      "heading": "Appeal against disqualification.",
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      "path": "section/39",
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      "heading": "Suspension of disqualification pending appeal.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/40",
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      "number": "40",
      "heading": "Power of appellate courts in England and Wales to suspend disqualification.",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/41",
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      "number": "41",
      "heading": "Power of appellate courts in Scotland to suspend disqualification.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-41",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/41A",
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      "number": "41A",
      "heading": "Suspension of disqualification pending determination of applications under section 34B.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-41A",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/42",
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      "heading": "Removal of disqualification.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-42",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/43",
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      "number": "43",
      "heading": "Rule for determining end of period of disqualification.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-43",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/disqualification"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/endorsement",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Endorsement",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/44",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Orders for endorsement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/section-44",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "part/III",
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      "heading": "Fixed penalty notices.",
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      "heading": "Amount of fixed penalty.",
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      "path": "section/54",
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      "heading": "Licence receipts.",
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    {
      "path": "part/3A",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 17(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 17(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 18(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 39(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 18 heading",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 32(4)"
    },
    {
      "type": "substituted for s. 18(1)(a)-(d)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 18(1)(a)-(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2006/49",
      "affecting_title": "Road Safety Act 2006",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 6 para. 32(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 18(1)(ba)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 1(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 18(1)(ba)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/17",
      "affecting_title": "Driving Instruction (Suspension and Exemption Powers) Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "words repealed",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 27(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/24",
      "affecting_title": "Welfare Reform Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 7 Pt. 4"
    },
    {
      "type": "power to modify conferred",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35C(4)(d)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 22 para. 35(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34A(1)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34A(5)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34A(6)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34A(7A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(3)(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34B(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34B(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(b)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34B(2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(b)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "added",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34B(12)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(4)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(1)(d)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(3)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(5A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(6)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(d)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(6)(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(d)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 34D(6A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2009/25",
      "affecting_title": "Coroners and Justice Act 2009",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 21 para. 90(5)(e)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35A(4)(fa)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2020/17",
      "affecting_title": "Sentencing Act 2020",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 22 para. 102(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35A(4)(e)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2020/17",
      "affecting_title": "Sentencing Act 2020",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 22 para. 102(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "amendment to earlier affecting provision 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35A(4)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2022/32",
      "affecting_title": "Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 140(4)(c)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102(aa) (as inserted)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35A(4)(fza)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2022/32",
      "affecting_title": "Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 140(4)(c)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words omitted by 2020 c. 17, Sch. 22 para. 102(c) (as inserted)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 35A(4)(fb)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2022/32",
      "affecting_title": "Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 140(4)(c)(iii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 1 para. 4(ab)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 1 para. 3(bc)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 1 para. 1A(c)(d) and word",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 1 para. 1A(b)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 1(2)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 1 Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 2(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(A2)(ca)-(ce)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(a)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(A2)(c)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(a)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(1) Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 3 para. 2(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 2",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 1(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 54(3)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2024/10",
      "affecting_title": "Automated Vehicles Act 2024",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 53(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(A2)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(9)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(1) Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(9)(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(1) Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(9)(c)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 23(1A)(d)(e)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(8)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1 Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(12)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 1 Table",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(11)"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 23(1A)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(8)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 23(1)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(8)(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "Sch. 2 Pt. 2",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 10(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(A2)(ca)(cb)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(9)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "words inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 24(A1)(a)",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 141(9)(a)"
    }
  ],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 949,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 0,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 74,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/road-traffic-offenders-act-1988/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/53",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:47:29.437010+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}